'Selections from the Records of the Bombay Government' [‎105] (147/733)

BAHREIN.
105
productive, owing to the facility of irrigation afforded by the numerous
springs of fresh water on the island.
As no duties or customs are levied upon the imports and exports ot
Bahrein, the revenue of the Shaikh is principally derived from the
produce of the date plantations, nearly the whole of which have been
seized from the original owners by the Uttoobees. The total sum
realized from this source may amount to 100,000 crowns per annum;
but as this is divided in different proportions among the numerous
relatives and connexions of the Uttoobee Chief, it is impossible to say
what portion reaches his own coffers. Shaikh Abdoolla, however,
derives a small income from the pearl boats, each of which pays from
five to ten crowns, according to its size, on its return from the bank _
The chief articles of export from Bahrein consist of pearls, dried
dates, and bullion. Of the former, about 350,000 crowns' worth are
annually collected by the vessels belonging to the place, and something
more than that quantity is brought in from other parts of the Gulf for
sale. The total value of the exports may amount to about eight lakhs One lakh is equal to one hundred thousand rupees
of dollars annually. The imports are principally from India, and
are composed of rice, cotton, cloths, calicoes, spices, &c. to the extent
of perhaps 600,000 dollars each year. Of these articles one-fourth
may be expended in Bahrein, the remainder being re-exported to the
different ports of the Gulf. About thirteen years ago the Shaikh
began to levy regular customs upon the commerce of Bahrein, but
after a trial of seven years the attempt was abandoned as a failuie.
The only towns of any size are Munama and Muharag, near the
harbour, and two smaller ones, called Ruffa and Jour, situated at some
distance inland. It is said that formerly Bahrein possessed upwards
of 300 villages, but at present there are not above fifty hamlets, averag
ing about twenty houses each. No fixed taxes are taken from the inha-
bitants, but whenever the Shaikh requires money, he levies forced contri
butions, particularly on the Bahreinees (or aborigines of the island),
who, being descendants of the old Persian settlers, and consequently
Sheeas in their religious tenets, are greatly oppressed. This class,
perhaps, consists of about fifteen thousand individuals, while the Arab
inhabitants, calling themselves Uttoobees, may be reckoned at an equal
number, although those really belonging to this tribe do not exceed
a thousand.
The Uttoobee Chief can muster a greater number of vessels than any
other power in the Gulf. He has twelve large Buggalows, which are
never employed in trade, and in cases of emergency he prohibits the
departure of the merchant Buggalows which traffic with India : these
consist of twenty-five, some of them of the first class, and most of the
others of a respectable size. In addition to the above, twelve Buteels
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