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'Administration Reports 1920-1924' [135r] (274/412)
The record is made up of 1 volume (202 folios). It was created in 1921-1925. It was written in English. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .
Transcription
This transcription is created automatically. It may contain errors.
persian gulf
The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran.
political eesldettcy; 1923. 21
as training are inclined to view the e^-Cossack officers from'the north as
amateurs without a grasp of military discipline, punctuality, straightforward
ness and administration, and not real soldiers : the various elements from whicJi
officers and men have come, Russian-trained Cossack Brigade, Swedish-trained
Gendarmerie, and Bntish-tramed S. P. E. doubtless do not always l.lend well
and the irregular life led by some highly placed officers does not produce a good
effect on the civil population. In December a number of officers of the garrison
were arrested imprisoned or sent away, on the ground that they had fomed
a plot to seize the Brigadier-General. The last-named, Fazlullah Khan Zahidi
certainly is an ambitious politician, and appears more concerned with political
intrigues than the military programme. From the beginning of March 192+
with the assistance of a handful of ' democrats ' of the extrfme party he has
movement Varl0US S P 0 P^e to give an adherence to the republican
C ommunications.
Early in January 1923 the Ministry of Public Works began to impose tolls
oil animal transport on the bhiraz-Kazerun section of the road to BusUnv
i 11 ! a f t0 H ls Majesty's Legation against the breach of Article if
the Anglo-Persian Commercial Convention of 1903, which laid down that
(once the customs duties at the frontier had been paid on goods) tolls or other
exactions might not be imposed except on - carriage-able " roads, and then
only after the completion of a road (for wheeled traffic) or of its principal sec
tions as regards such sections. Supported by both technical and practical
evidence that the caravan track was not 44 carriage-able " throughout its length
oi tin oughout the year, neither horse-driven vehicles nor motor-lorries ever
having been able to use the track for the transport of merchandize on account
of the gradients and passes up to 7,800 feet in a length of 180 miles, British
official opinion considered the levy of tolls before the necessarily costly ex
penditure on levelling had begun injurious to British treaty rights : from another
point of view Persian mercantile opinion objected to the toils on the ground that
the money would neither be employed to improve the condition of the road
nor benefit the transport trade, but be diverted to other uses by officials and
the government ; .while muleteers broke up the toll-gates when first put up
and protested vigorously to Tehran. The central government was however
deaf to all remonstrances, ignored the British contention that the road could not
possibly be termed 4 4 carriage-able "—during the rainy season each year the
10 miles of marsh behind Bushire cannot be crossed by any vehicle—and con
tinued to levy tolls on the Shiraz-Kazerun section. The cost of the scanty sur
face repairs did not exceed 8,000 Tumans (£1,600), and the bulk of the monev
taken was transferred to the Ministry of Finance, Tehran ; the number of
journeys by light passenger cars, chiefly Fords, which, using the now worn-out
track made by Indian troops in 1919, were able to reach Bushire from Shiraz
and vice- versa in the six good months of the year, was not above 50. Such
passenger cars did not of course benefit trade.
By the end of 1923, with' the vigorous policy of the new Persian Govern
ment in Tehran, new factors had arisen. Not only did they desire to improve
means of communication between the' capital and the sea for military reasons
but also apparently to emancipate themselves from the route via Iraq and have
an all-Persian route to the sea ; a German-Persian transport company had been
floated in Tehran to undertake the carriage of goods by motor-lorries (out of
the question as long as the gradients on the passes had not been improved by
scientific engineering) ; and the Persian Government was importing war
material, to the transit of which via Iraq there was presumably some objection.
A Commission headed by the Minister of Public Works and one of the United
States Advisers was therefore sent to make a report on the cost and technical
requirements for reconstruction of the Bushiro-Shiraz road for mechanical
transport, and arrived at Shiraz in January 1924. As it happened the delega
tion met with heavy rains, and had difficulty in getting their cars (with the
aid of man-handling) over the marshy part of the road. The opinion formed by
the delegation on its return was understood to be that at least £100,000 would be
required to make the road initially practicable for heavy mechanical transport
(a British engineer officer in 1921 had estimated £250,000 o'r more); and that
even then long detours, cutting out Kazarun from the existing alignment, would
have to be constructed. The British (and local Persian) objection to the justice
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About this item
- Content
The volume contains the following Reports: Administration Report of the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. Political Residency An office of the East India Company and, later, of the British Raj, established in the provinces and regions considered part of, or under the influence of, British India. for the Year 1920 (Calcutta: Superintendent Government Printing, India, 1921); Administration Report of the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. Political Residency An office of the East India Company and, later, of the British Raj, established in the provinces and regions considered part of, or under the influence of, British India. for the Year 1921 (Calcutta: Superintendent Government Printing, India, 1922); Administration Report of the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. Political Residency An office of the East India Company and, later, of the British Raj, established in the provinces and regions considered part of, or under the influence of, British India. for the Year 1922 ; Annual Report of the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. Political Residency An office of the East India Company and, later, of the British Raj, established in the provinces and regions considered part of, or under the influence of, British India. for the Year 1923 ; and Administration Report of the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. for the Year 1924 .
The Reports consist of chapters containing separate administration reports on each of the agencies, consulates, vice-consulates and other administrative areas that made up the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. Political Residency An office of the East India Company and, later, of the British Raj, established in the provinces and regions considered part of, or under the influence of, British India. . In addition, the Report for 1923 commences with a review of the year as a whole by the Political Resident A senior ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul General) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Residency. . The Reports show some manuscript corrections.
The Reports include information on personnel; foreign representatives; local government; the administration of justice; political developments; notable events; official visits; military and naval matters; shipping and maritime matters; trade and commerce; economic matters; customs administration; pearl fisheries; British interests; oil; roads and communications; postal services; aviation; arms traffic; medical and health matters; water supply; meteorological conditions; slavery; and related matters.
- Extent and format
- 1 volume (202 folios)
- Arrangement
The Reports are bound in chronological order from the front to the rear of the volume. There is a list of contents toward the front of each Report.
- Physical characteristics
Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at 1 on the front cover and terminates at 204 on the back cover. These numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and can be found in the top right hand corner of the recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. page of each folio. The following folios need to be folded out to be read: ff. 89-91.
- Written in
- English in Latin script View the complete information for this record
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- Reference
- IOR/R/15/1/713
- Title
- 'Administration Reports 1920-1924'
- Pages
- front, back, spine, edge, head, tail, front-i, 2r:203v, back-i
- Author
- East India Company, the Board of Control, the India Office, or other British Government Department
- Usage terms
- Open Government Licence