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'Memorandum on Bahrein' [20v] (40/62)
The record is made up of 1 file (31 folios). It was created in 13 Jan 1947. It was written in English and French. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .
Transcription
This transcription is created automatically. It may contain errors.
40
XYII.—193^46
E. 2586/23/34,
1935.
E. 2181/76/34,
1935.
The Times,
4th April,
1935.
E. 2334/4/91,
1935.
T.9850/9850/
378, 1933.
T.62/62/378,
1933.
E.3680/139/
34.
T. 7979/79/
378.
T.4849/1049/
378.
Establishment of Naval Base at Bahrein
158. Early in 1934 His Majesty's Government had bought sufficient land at
Bahrein to provide for a combined naval and air base to take the place of the
naval establishments at Hen jam and Basidu, which it had been decided to
relinquish. On 2nd April, 1935, His Majesty's Minister at 1 ehran handed a
note to the Persian Minister for Foreign Affairs announcing this decision and the
fact that the naval stations were being moved to Bahrein. In his reply M. Kazemi
referred to 4 ' the right of the Imperial Government in connection with Bahrein,
both for the present and for the future,"" but qualified his reservation by stating
that he did not wish at that juncture to embark on a discussion of the question.
At the same time M. Kazemi indicated that his Government might recognise the
"independence ' of Bahrein in return for assistance and concessions by 11 is
Majesty's Government in other matters. He also said that Bahrein was of no
interest to Persia, though, on account of public opinion on the subject, the Persian
Government could not abandon their claim without some return.
159. On 3rd April, 1935, the Persian Minister in London wrote a letter
to The Times commenting on a leading article on naval changes in the Persian
Gulf, in which he stated that the Persian Government had never recognised a
British protectorate over Bahrein, over which Persia had never relinquished
sovereignty. In reply to a subsequent question in Parliament Sir John Simon
stated that His Majesty's Government, who had been in close treaty relations
with the rulers of Bahrein since 1820, did not regard, and had never regarded,
the Persian claim as possessing any validity whatever.
Persian Government's refusal to recognise visas and endorsements for Bahrein
160. In 1933 the Persian Government began to refuse to visa passports
which were endorsed for Bahrein and Kuwait, and a form of retaliatory action
was taken by His Majesty's Government in consequence, although this was soon
dropped owing to the complications which it involved, and specific endorsements
for Arab States in the
Persian Gulf
The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran.
on British passports were abolished.
In May 1934 His Majesty's Ambassador at Tehran made representations on
the matter to the Persian Government, but Mirza Baghir Kazemi alleged that the
endorsement "Bahrein" on British passports was something new which was
naturally not recognised by the Persian Government. Persia visa regulations
issued in March 1934 contained (Chapter VI—Prohibitions) an instruction to
refuse a visa for entry to Persia on passports " endorsed as valid for the journey
to Bahrein or which bear a visa for Bahrein.'' No satisfaction was received as a
result of the representations made to the Persian Government, and the difficulty
was overcome by the issue for journeys to Bahrein of a temporary passport
without the endorsement or visa for Bahrein.
Owing to the possibility of a harmful effect upon prospective treaty negotia
tions of continuing the argument on this subject, m 1934 it was allowed to lapse,
and the practical success of the device of the temporary passport has precluded
the necessity of raising the question since that date.
Treaty Series Agreement between His Majesty's Government and the Saudi
No. 7? (1936). Government regarding Transit Dues at Bahrein
Arabian
E. 3922/16/25,
1936.
E. 6193/16/25,
1936.
E.2837/2837/
25, 1937.
161. In a note dated 30th May, 1936, the Minister for Foreign Affairs
protested against the agreement between His Majesty's Government and the
Saudi Arabian Government regarding Bahrein Transit Dues, which had been
concluded in November 1935 and published in this country in May 1936. The
Xote stated that the Persian Government regarded the action of His Majesty's
Government as a denial of Persia's indisputable rights, and stated that he must
make all possible reserves in respect of present and future rights and interests
of the Persian Government. A copy of this Note was sent by the Persian
Government to the Secretariat of the League of Nations and to the Government of
Saudi Arabia. A Note was addressed to the Persian Government in reply on the
1st October, reminding them of the views previously expressed by His Majesty's
Government in the matter, and a copy of this Note was sent to the League of
Nations for circulation to members. This called forth a rejoinder from the
Persian Government, dated 6th May, 1937, which referred to the t£ indisputable
rights" of the Persian Government, and stated that the arguments of His
Majesty's Government were not regarded as convincing, and could not shake the
About this item
- Content
This printed memorandum, produced by the Foreign Office, dated 13 Jan 1947, deals with the history of Bahrein [Bahrain] from the point of view of the political status of the islands at various periods and dates since 1783, and contains copies of related correspondence and discussions. The principal authorities quoted in the memorandum are listed on folio 1v and appear as references in the right or left hand margin. The memorandum includes an index on folio 1r and a list of appendices on folio 1v. The index contains the the following sections:
- Geographical situation;
- Bahrein priot to 1783;
- 1783-1820;
- 1820-30;
- 1830-40;
- 1840-50;
- 1850-61;
- 1861-67;
- Discussion and Incidents, 1868-70;
- 1870-80;
- 1880-92. From the conclusion of the First to the conclusion of the Second Exclusive Agreement with Her Majesty's Government;
- 1892-1913. From the Second Exclusive Agreement to the Anglo-Turkish Convention of 1913;
- 1913-34;
- Summary (A. Claims to or assertions of soverignty over Bahrein, 1783 to 1934. B. Basis of the Persian claim. C. Attitude of His Majesty's Government, 1820-1934);
- Reference to Law Officers of the Crown;
- Independent Status of Bahrein;
- 1934-46 (Establishment of Naval Base at Bahrein; Persian Government's refusal to recognise visas and endoresments of Bahrein; Agreement between His Majesty's Government and the Saudi Arabian Government regarding Transit Dues at Bahrein; The Liabilities of His Majesty's Government in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. ; Treatment of Bahreinis in Persia; Bahrein Nationality and Property Laws; Treatment of Persians in Bahrein; Postal Services between Persian and Bahrein; Persian Government decree regarding import of Petroleum Products from Bahrein; Remarks of the Persian Prime Minister to the United States Ambassador; Recent references to Bahrein in the Persian Press).
The memorandum is marked 'Confidential' and 'The Document is the Property of His Britannic Majesty's Government'.
- Extent and format
- 1 file (31 folios)
- Arrangement
The file contains an index and list of appendices (folio 1) which make reference to paragraph and page numbers.
- Physical characteristics
Foliation: The foliation sequence commences at the front cover, and terminates at the inside back cover; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. side of each folio. Pagination: The volume also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
- Written in
- English and French in Latin script View the complete information for this record
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Copyright: How to use this content
- Reference
- IOR/L/PS/18/B485
- Title
- 'Memorandum on Bahrein'
- Pages
- 1r:21v, 25v:26v, 30r:31v
- Author
- East India Company, the Board of Control, the India Office, or other British Government Department
- Usage terms
- Open Government Licence