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'The Rebellion against the Sultan of Muscat, May 1913 - July 1916.' [‎1r] (1/14)

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The record is made up of 1 file (7 folios). It was created in 18 Aug 1916. It was written in English. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .

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The Rebellion against the Sultan of I-'uscat.
May 1913 - July 1916,
(Received from Chief Political Officer. Basra, under
Sir P.Cox'a letter of 18th August 1916 Mo # 3).
— hTft/a
The rebellion against the Sultan of Ibscat is due
partly ifo old and deepaeated matters of disagreement and
partly to the reflex action of modern European politics in
the Grulf on the internal affairs of f 0man. Chief amang the
former causes of unrest is the curious and interesting
survival in 'Oman of the very ancient rivalry between the
Ahl Qibli and the Ahl al Shirnal, the southern tribes of
Yaman origin and the northern tribes descended from Nizar ibn
Ma^dd, represented respectively in 'Oman by the TT inawi
and Grhafiri groups. Though tbese two factions which are
almost identical with the older divisions, did not spting
into existence as actively hostile elements until the Civil
wars, which rent 'Oman in the 18th century, they revived
an enmity which £pes back to the days before the Prophet,
Roughly speaking the G-hafiri or NizaritiQ3 are not present
with the Sultan, while the Hinawi, or Yamanites are with
the Imam. A second and very fertile source of division
between the Sultan and his subjects in the interior was
the transference of the capital in 1784 from Rustaq in the
Wadi A seasonal or intermittent watercourse, or the valley in which it flows. Fara to ~ usqat. This was done by Hamad, son of the
Imam Said ibn Ahmad, Said, son of the founder of the Al
Bu Saidi dynasty, was the last elected Imam of Oman to hold
sovereign power, and when he was forced to abdicate in
favour of his more capable son, he was left to vegetate at
Rustaq while the seat of Government was moved to the coast.
Thereby the rulers of Oman were assured of an easily
collected customs revenue enabling them to preserve a
serrfclance of authority by bribery alone, they were absolved
from

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This printed memorandum was received from the Chief Political Officer, Basra, under Sir P Cox's letter (No 3) dated 18 August 1916 (see IOR/L/PS/10/426: 3744/16), and includes a report by Gertrude Lowthian Bell (signed G L B), originally published in the Arab Bulletin, concerning the rebellion against the Sultan of Muscat, Fayṣal bin Turkī Āl Bū Sa‘īd, and, subsequently after his death, his son, Taymūr bin Fayṣal Āl Bū Sa‘īd. Bell gives a description of the causes of the rebellion against the Sultan of Muscat, which, in her opinion, were 'partly due to old and deepseated matters of disagreement and partly to the reflex action of modern European politics'. She goes on to describe various events from May 1913 to July 1916, including: the fall of Nizwa [Nizwá] and Izki [Izkī]; the visit of the Viceroy to Muscat in February 1914; the death of Fayṣal; the religious character of the uprising ('Jihad'); and potential peace terms.

Extent and format
1 file (7 folios)
Physical characteristics

Foliation: The foliation sequence commences at the front cover, and terminates at the inside back cover; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. side of each folio.

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English in Latin script
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'The Rebellion against the Sultan of Muscat, May 1913 - July 1916.' [‎1r] (1/14), British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/L/PS/18/B398, in Qatar Digital Library <https://www.qdl.qa/archive/81055/vdc_100023510026.0x000002> [accessed 29 March 2024]

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