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‘Persian Gulf Gazetteer. Part 1. Historical and political materials. Precis of Turkish expansion on the Arab littoral of the Persian Gulf and Hasa [Al-Hasa] and Katif [Al-Qaṭīf] affairs.’ [‎48] (60/160)

The record is made up of 1 volume (80 folios). It was created in 1904. It was written in English. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .

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48
from Ojair to Lahsa. This report is confirmed by the appearance of the Pasha An Ottoman title used after the names of certain provincial governors, high-ranking officials and military commanders. 's steamer pasa-
ing towards Ojair this morning.
"2nd. —That the Turkish Commodore is ordered by the Pasha An Ottoman title used after the names of certain provincial governors, high-ranking officials and military commanders. to hold one of his vessels in
readiness off Katif, to send a second back to Busreh for supplies, and to proceed himself in a
third to Bahrein in view to meeting me and for other business.
That the report of the flight of His Highness Abdullah together with his son,
Toorkee, from Lahsa towards Riadh is reliable. It further appears that His Highness' brother,
Mahomed, had left Lahsa a few days previously; and that Abdullah left a letter for the
Turkish Commander stating that the Turkish force having been professedly organized for his
(Abdulah's) restoration to power, had been utilized to supplant both himself and his dynasty ;
and that he would, therfore, no longer trust Turkish aid or promises."
170A. On the 23rd November Colonel Pelly wrote :—
"Yesterday evening the Turkish Commodore anchored with a corvette and a gun vessel in
the Bahrein harbour. He hoisted the Turkish flag at his m Q n and fired a salute of 21 o-uns.
On being asked with the usual etiquette by our Senior Naval Officer as to whom the salute was
intended for, he replied that he was saluting the forts on shore, and that as he had no Arab
flag on board he had hoisted the Turkish flag. He added that he had done the same at
Muscat,
''To-day the Commodore and I exchanged visits, and he was by no means reticent concern
ing the expedition to Nejd. He said that the Pasha An Ottoman title used after the names of certain provincial governors, high-ranking officials and military commanders. of Baghdad had proceeded to Lahsa for
the purpose of enquiring into some complaints of alleged corruption, of settling the Government
at Lahsa, and of arranging for the advance of the expedition to the Wahabf capital. It was
unlikely that the Pasha An Ottoman title used after the names of certain provincial governors, high-ranking officials and military commanders. would himself accompany the Expedition to Eiadh, but Pereck Pasha An Ottoman title used after the names of certain provincial governors, high-ranking officials and military commanders.
the Commander-in-Chief, would in all probablity move the Lahsa force there during the
present winter. The Commodore estimated the Lahsa force at from 9 to 10,000 men indepen
dently of irregulars. He said that the recent defeat of Saud had been decisive; that Abdulah
and his brother had escaped; and that the Turkish Government would now probably depute a
person of rank from Cpnstantionple as Governor-General of the Wahabee territory. He
admitted that the Expedition had been costly, and that permanently holding the country could
never pay, but he deemed the principal object of the Porte to be to rid themselves of Wahabi
annoyances to pilgrims passing across Arabia to and from Mecca ; to accomplish this, he said,
concerned the Sultan in his capacity of head of the Mussulman religion.
''The Commodore alleged that the road between the coast line and Lahsa is now so safe
that single postmen pass along it. He added that it was the intention of the Pasha An Ottoman title used after the names of certain provincial governors, high-ranking officials and military commanders. to erect a
new town in the neighbourhood of Katif. He had himself accompanied .the Pasha An Ottoman title used after the names of certain provincial governors, high-ranking officials and military commanders. in an
excursion for the selection of a site, and the Pasha An Ottoman title used after the names of certain provincial governors, high-ranking officials and military commanders. had chosen a position about four miles
distant from the present fort of Katif, where sweet water is plentiful, and the surrounding
country open/ , &
172. Eeferring to Koweit the Commodore informed Colonel Pelly that
the Chief had been regularly installed there on the recent visit of the Pasha An Ottoman title used after the names of certain provincial governors, high-ranking officials and military commanders. ,
and that Koweit was declaredly under Turkish protection.
173. la a letter of the 4th December Colonel Pelly wrote
. ^idhut Pasha An Ottoman title used after the names of certain provincial governors, high-ranking officials and military commanders. arrived at Lahsa about eight days ago, and is said to have expressed
dissatisfaction with the Commander of the Turkish Forces on account of the escape of
Abdullah bin Feysul.
Meantime all reports concur in alleging that Abdullah has reached his capital Riadh
whence, as it is said, he has addressed a letter to the Turkish authorities complainino- that
whereas they entered his country with his consent, and for the concerted object of reinstating
him m power, they had practically placed him under restraint and purposed supplantino- his
dynasty by d.rect Turkish Rule; that he had now escaped; but was still willino. to pav
tribute and arrange matters, provided the Porte should acknowledge him as Imam" of the
V\ ahabi territories; but that, failing this, he would endeavour to hold his owu. and that
-Nejd was a country not easy either to take or to hold."
173A. A notification was issued by Midhut Pasha An Ottoman title used after the names of certain provincial governors, high-ranking officials and military commanders. that the al Saud had
ceased to reign and that Nafiz Pasha An Ottoman title used after the names of certain provincial governors, high-ranking officials and military commanders. teas appointed Mutessarif of Nejd.
174. Colonel Herbert in a letter of the 3rd January 1872 reported the
return of Midhut Pasha An Ottoman title used after the names of certain provincial governors, high-ranking officials and military commanders. to Baghdad on the 28th Deoemberl The Pasha An Ottoman title used after the names of certain provincial governors, high-ranking officials and military commanders. brought
back a great number of invalid soldiers from El Hassa and Katif. Colonel
Herbert wrote:—
"The state of the garrisons at El Ha<=sa and Katif is reported to be verv bad sickness
prevails among the troops to a great extent, .and their numbers are said to be so much reduced
that Nafiz Pasha An Ottoman title used after the names of certain provincial governors, high-ranking officials and military commanders. is compelled to act purely on the defensive, and can hardly repulse the fre
quent raids of the Arabs, who, it seems, continue to harass them even in the absence of !,h«
principal Chiefs.

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Content

Part 1 of a Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. gazetteer of historical and political materials, a précis of Turkish expansion on the Arab littoral of the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. , and Hasa [Al-Hasa] and Katif [Al-Qaṭīf] affairs. The précis was prepared by Jerome Antony Saldanha, whose preface (under which his surname is erroneously spelt Saldana) is dated 25 November 1904, and published by the Government of India Foreign Deptartment, Simla, India.

The preface is an historical outline of the struggle for political dominance in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. , including Portuguese, British, Wahabi [ Wahhābī A follower of the Islamic reform movement known as Wahhabism; also used to refer to the people and territories ruled by the Al-Saud family. ] and Turkish expansion. The chapters (titles shown in italics) deal with the subject in an roughly chronological fashion:

1. Early history of Hasa and Katif , including: references to the area in Arabic writing; the first known Arab colonists; and early references to the area in British (East India Company) records;

2. Conquest of Hasa by the Wahabis and Turkish expeditions into Nejd [Najd] and Hasa, and their results 1800-1865 , including: conquest of the area by the Wahabis; Turkish expeditions to the area, 1811-19 and 1836-40; Amir Feysal’s [Fayṣal ibn Turki Āl Sa‘ūd] nominal dependence on Turkey, 1855; troubles in Katif, 1859-62; Turkish protest against British proceedings at Damaum [Dammām], 1862; the British war against Amir Feysal, 1865-66; obsolete title of award of Arabia by an Abbasid caliph to the Ottoman Porte; Ottoman ambitions in Arabia (Holy Ottoman Empire);

3. Turkish expedition to Nejd and Hasa, 1871-72 , including: origins of the expedition; intelligence from the Political Resident A senior ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul General) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Residency. , Colonel Lewis Pelly; British policy in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. , and effects of the Turkish expedition on that policy; Turkish assurances to Britain, communicated to Bahrain (spelt Bahrein throughout) by Pelly; Turkish promise of non-interference with the rulers of the Trucial coast A name used by Britain from the nineteenth century to 1971 to refer to the present-day United Arab Emirates. ; narrative of the events leading up to and including the landing of the expeditionary force in Nejd; Turkish designs on Katar [Qatar], and their hoisting of the Turkish flag at Budaa [Al-Bidda]; Turkish naval activity in the Gulf, and Britain’s naval response; murder of a suspected Turkish messenger at Bahrain; reasons for the non-interference of the British Government in operations on land; further narrative of the expedition and affairs in Nejd; evidence of Turkish designs on Bahrain; Turkish assurances; relations between Turkey and Abuthabi [Abu Dhabi]; close of the Turkish expedition;

4. Internal affairs of Hasa and Katif, 1872-1904 , including: administration and internal organisation; and a list of governors at Hasa, including events of significance occurring during their rule;

5. Survey of the Katif coast, 1873-74 , including: British intentions and permission gained from the Ottoman Porte; complaints of British survey officers landing on the Nejd coast; written permission to land to undertake surveying.

6. Increase of Turkish military and naval forces in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. , and Turkish policy , including: a memorandum by Captain T Doughty on the state of affairs in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. ;

7. (1) Trade Relations of Hindu and other traders of Bahrain with Katif, and their disabilities , and (2) Proposal appointment of a consular officer at Katif ;

8. Piracies , including: piracies in Katif and Bahrain waters, 1878; ; revolt in Hasa and piracies in Katif and Bahrain waters, 1878-81; Turkish responsibilities and jurisdiction for the purpose of suppressing piracies in Katif waters, 1878-81; piracies in Katif and Bahrain waters in 1883; piracies in Katif and Bahrain waters in 1886; piracies in 1887-88; piracies in 1891-92; piracies in 1899-1900; piracies in 1902 and the proposal of the Chief of Bahrain to maintain an armed dhow A term adopted by British officials to refer to local sailing vessels in the western Indian Ocean. for the pursuit of pirates, 1902-03;

9. Murder of Sheikh Selman-bin-Diaij-el-Khalifa [Shaikh Salman bin Diaj Āl Khalīfah] , a cousin of the Chief of Bahrain and his party about 40 miles south of Katif. Question of satisfaction and compensation for it ;

10. Turkish designs on Oman and the rest of the East Arabian Littoral, 1888-1899 ;

11. Summary of British declarations against Turkish encroachments in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. and of the Porte’s assurances, 1871-1904 .

The cover of volume, on which the title is printed, also has a number of different pencil and pen annotations, marking former external references or numbering systems (‘P.2557/29’, ‘No.5’, ‘C238’).

Extent and format
1 volume (80 folios)
Arrangement

The volume is arranged into eleven chapters, preceded by a preface. Each chapter is organised by subheadings, and its paragraphs numbered. The paragraph numbers are continuous throughout the whole volume, beginning on 1 at the start of the first chapter, and ending on 553/553A at the end of the eleventh chapter. A contents page at the front of the volume (ff.4-5) lists the chapters by their headings and subheadings, with each referring to paragraph, rather than page, numbers.

Physical characteristics

Foliation: The foliation sequence commences at the front cover, and terminates at the inside back cover; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right hand corner of the recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. side of each folio.

Pagination: The volume also contains an original printed pagination sequence, with page numbers located top and centre of each page.

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English in Latin script
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‘Persian Gulf Gazetteer. Part 1. Historical and political materials. Precis of Turkish expansion on the Arab littoral of the Persian Gulf and Hasa [Al-Hasa] and Katif [Al-Qaṭīf] affairs.’ [‎48] (60/160), British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/L/PS/20/C238, in Qatar Digital Library <https://www.qdl.qa/archive/81055/vdc_100023514031.0x00003e> [accessed 10 May 2024]

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