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‘Persian Gulf Gazetteer. Part 1. Historical and political materials. Precis of Turkish expansion on the Arab littoral of the Persian Gulf and Hasa [Al-Hasa] and Katif [Al-Qaṭīf] affairs.’ [‎124] (136/160)

The record is made up of 1 volume (80 folios). It was created in 1904. It was written in English. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .

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124
oy the Mutassarif of Hasa who punished the tribe responsible for the outrage.
None of the property belonging to the Bahrein owners appears to have been
restored.
466. There was considerable delay in taking measures for obtaining redress
in the first fourth and eighth of the cases mentioned above. Of these the two
piracies which occurred off the coast of Katar in 1899 were reported by Colonel
Meade on October 9th, 1899. Colonel Meade then said he would postpone his
recommendations for exacting reparation
secret e., february 1900, no#. 68-76. until he had consulted the Senior Naval
Officer. On the 28th October 1899 he telegraphed that he proposed first to
demand restoration of property, or failing this, payment of indemnity, otherwise
a punitive expedition could be arranged. We replied by telegram on 2nd
November 1899 that Colonel Meade might, at his discretion, demand restoration
of property or indemnity, but a punitive expedition would, of course, require
distinct sanction from Government. On the 17th November 1899 Colonel-
Meade telegraphed that he proposed shortly to visit the Trucial Chiefs and
would enquire into the piracies on his way.
466. On the 2nd of December 1899, Colonel Meade reported that he had
enquired into the cases, that some of the property had been recoverd by bheikh
Ahmed -bin-Thani, and that the latter had promised to recover as much as he
could of the remainder. Colonel Meade added that he would report again in
a month, and that he did not think that anything in the shape of an expedi
tion would be necessary.
467. Colonel Meade did not fulfil his intention of reporting again, and we
heard nothing more on the subject until
Secret e, November 1900, Nos. 61-69, (No. September 1900, when Colonel Kemball,
■who had succeeded Colonel Meade on 17th April 1900, reported that Ahmed-
bin-Thani, as was only to be expected, had taken no steps to recover the
remainder of the property and had given a very unsatisfactory reply to the
letter which Colonel Kemball had written to him. Colonel Kemball mentioned
certain suggestions in the way of reprisal which might be feasible^ but made
no definite proposals and promised to submit a further report, in which definite
recommendations would be made.
468. The next report on the subject is dated the 9th November 1900,
in which Colonel Kemball, after finding
secret e ., April i9oi, Nos. 83-90 (No. 87). himself unable to recommend the seizure
of the Chief's property in Bahrein, or the despatch of a Naval expedition,
expressed the opinion that it would be sufficient if he informed Ahmed-bin-
Thani that the Government of India consider him to be responsible for the
control of the Bedouins who reside in Katar, and that steps would, if necessary,
be taken to bring this responsibility home to him. He also proposed to require
the Sheikh to warn all boat owners to be careful not to allow their boats to be
used by the Bedouins; as in future the owners of the boats used by pirates
would be held responsible. The Government of India concurred in these
proposals.
469. The third case of piracy, which occurred in August 1900, was reported
in September 1900 ; no suggestion was
secret e., November 1900, N ob . 61 -69. made for enforcing reparation for this case
until October 1901, when Colonel Kemball reported that it might be advisable
to attack the Chief's property in Bahrein, and even then no definite proposal
was made.
470. In December 1901, Colonel Kemball submitted certain proposals in
connection with these piracies. These proposals and the orders passed by the
Government will be clear on perusal of Foreign Department letter to Colonel
Ross. No. 429 E. A., dated 6th February 1892
" Your letter deals with three cases of piracy, two of which occurred in August 1899, while
the third dates from August 190U. In the third case the stolen property is valued at Rs. 315-8
only, but in two earlier cas Q s property of the value of more than Hs. 12 ; 000 is alleged to have

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Content

Part 1 of a Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. gazetteer of historical and political materials, a précis of Turkish expansion on the Arab littoral of the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. , and Hasa [Al-Hasa] and Katif [Al-Qaṭīf] affairs. The précis was prepared by Jerome Antony Saldanha, whose preface (under which his surname is erroneously spelt Saldana) is dated 25 November 1904, and published by the Government of India Foreign Deptartment, Simla, India.

The preface is an historical outline of the struggle for political dominance in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. , including Portuguese, British, Wahabi [ Wahhābī A follower of the Islamic reform movement known as Wahhabism; also used to refer to the people and territories ruled by the Al-Saud family. ] and Turkish expansion. The chapters (titles shown in italics) deal with the subject in an roughly chronological fashion:

1. Early history of Hasa and Katif , including: references to the area in Arabic writing; the first known Arab colonists; and early references to the area in British (East India Company) records;

2. Conquest of Hasa by the Wahabis and Turkish expeditions into Nejd [Najd] and Hasa, and their results 1800-1865 , including: conquest of the area by the Wahabis; Turkish expeditions to the area, 1811-19 and 1836-40; Amir Feysal’s [Fayṣal ibn Turki Āl Sa‘ūd] nominal dependence on Turkey, 1855; troubles in Katif, 1859-62; Turkish protest against British proceedings at Damaum [Dammām], 1862; the British war against Amir Feysal, 1865-66; obsolete title of award of Arabia by an Abbasid caliph to the Ottoman Porte; Ottoman ambitions in Arabia (Holy Ottoman Empire);

3. Turkish expedition to Nejd and Hasa, 1871-72 , including: origins of the expedition; intelligence from the Political Resident A senior ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul General) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Residency. , Colonel Lewis Pelly; British policy in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. , and effects of the Turkish expedition on that policy; Turkish assurances to Britain, communicated to Bahrain (spelt Bahrein throughout) by Pelly; Turkish promise of non-interference with the rulers of the Trucial coast A name used by Britain from the nineteenth century to 1971 to refer to the present-day United Arab Emirates. ; narrative of the events leading up to and including the landing of the expeditionary force in Nejd; Turkish designs on Katar [Qatar], and their hoisting of the Turkish flag at Budaa [Al-Bidda]; Turkish naval activity in the Gulf, and Britain’s naval response; murder of a suspected Turkish messenger at Bahrain; reasons for the non-interference of the British Government in operations on land; further narrative of the expedition and affairs in Nejd; evidence of Turkish designs on Bahrain; Turkish assurances; relations between Turkey and Abuthabi [Abu Dhabi]; close of the Turkish expedition;

4. Internal affairs of Hasa and Katif, 1872-1904 , including: administration and internal organisation; and a list of governors at Hasa, including events of significance occurring during their rule;

5. Survey of the Katif coast, 1873-74 , including: British intentions and permission gained from the Ottoman Porte; complaints of British survey officers landing on the Nejd coast; written permission to land to undertake surveying.

6. Increase of Turkish military and naval forces in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. , and Turkish policy , including: a memorandum by Captain T Doughty on the state of affairs in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. ;

7. (1) Trade Relations of Hindu and other traders of Bahrain with Katif, and their disabilities , and (2) Proposal appointment of a consular officer at Katif ;

8. Piracies , including: piracies in Katif and Bahrain waters, 1878; ; revolt in Hasa and piracies in Katif and Bahrain waters, 1878-81; Turkish responsibilities and jurisdiction for the purpose of suppressing piracies in Katif waters, 1878-81; piracies in Katif and Bahrain waters in 1883; piracies in Katif and Bahrain waters in 1886; piracies in 1887-88; piracies in 1891-92; piracies in 1899-1900; piracies in 1902 and the proposal of the Chief of Bahrain to maintain an armed dhow A term adopted by British officials to refer to local sailing vessels in the western Indian Ocean. for the pursuit of pirates, 1902-03;

9. Murder of Sheikh Selman-bin-Diaij-el-Khalifa [Shaikh Salman bin Diaj Āl Khalīfah] , a cousin of the Chief of Bahrain and his party about 40 miles south of Katif. Question of satisfaction and compensation for it ;

10. Turkish designs on Oman and the rest of the East Arabian Littoral, 1888-1899 ;

11. Summary of British declarations against Turkish encroachments in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. and of the Porte’s assurances, 1871-1904 .

The cover of volume, on which the title is printed, also has a number of different pencil and pen annotations, marking former external references or numbering systems (‘P.2557/29’, ‘No.5’, ‘C238’).

Extent and format
1 volume (80 folios)
Arrangement

The volume is arranged into eleven chapters, preceded by a preface. Each chapter is organised by subheadings, and its paragraphs numbered. The paragraph numbers are continuous throughout the whole volume, beginning on 1 at the start of the first chapter, and ending on 553/553A at the end of the eleventh chapter. A contents page at the front of the volume (ff.4-5) lists the chapters by their headings and subheadings, with each referring to paragraph, rather than page, numbers.

Physical characteristics

Foliation: The foliation sequence commences at the front cover, and terminates at the inside back cover; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right hand corner of the recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. side of each folio.

Pagination: The volume also contains an original printed pagination sequence, with page numbers located top and centre of each page.

Written in
English in Latin script
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‘Persian Gulf Gazetteer. Part 1. Historical and political materials. Precis of Turkish expansion on the Arab littoral of the Persian Gulf and Hasa [Al-Hasa] and Katif [Al-Qaṭīf] affairs.’ [‎124] (136/160), British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/L/PS/20/C238, in Qatar Digital Library <https://www.qdl.qa/archive/81055/vdc_100023514031.0x00008a> [accessed 5 June 2024]

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