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The record is made up of 1 volume (76 folios). It was created in Feb 1919. It was written in English. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .
Transcription
This transcription is created automatically. It may contain errors.
GEOGRAPHY
(No. 92
(1913) to regulate the flow of water down the two
channels. From Nasrie downwards the Euphrates,
now flowing at a lower level than the Tigris, receives
from the north a great quantity of Tigris water, which
finds its way through the canals and marshes between
the two rivers. The volume of the Euphrates, thus
increased, is beyond the capacity of the channel
leading to Kurna (called the Old Channel), and most
of the Euphrates water is forced southwards,
and forms a large area of open water and swamp,
through w r hich the New Channel drains into the Shatt
el-Arab at Gurmat All, a few miles above Basra.
The Tigris is liable to flood more or less of the
neighbourhood of its banks from above Baghdad down
to Kut el-Amara. At the latter place a large channel,
the Shatt el-Hai, branches southward from the light
bank of the Tigris and reaches the Euphrates just below
Nasrie. Below Kut el-Amara more and more flocd-
water drains southwards into swamps, and fears have
been expressed that unlesg preventive measures are
taken the Tigris may altogether leave its present bed
below Amara.
(3) Climate
The climatic conditions of Mesopotamia are those of
a sub-tropical area which lies at a distance from any
ocean, and they are, therefore, in the plains and low T er
uplands, of a semi-arid type. The following tables
give the mean daily maximum and the mean daily
minimum temperature in the hottest and coldest
months respectively.
Mean daily maximum, July and August
Basra, 104° E. (40° C.).
Baghdad, 110° F. (43° C % ).
Mosul, 109° E. (43° C.).
Mean daily minimum, December and January;—
Basra, 47° E. (8° C.).
Baghdad. 40° E. (4° C.).
Mosul, 36° E. (2° C.).
About this item
- Content
This volume is a confidential handbook on Mesopotamia prepared under the direction of the Historical Section of the Foreign Office, dated February 1919. There is a table of contents which includes the following chapters:
- I: 'Geography Physical and Political', including 'Position and Frontiers', 'Surface, Coast and River Systems', 'Climate', 'Sanitary Conditions', 'Race and Language' and 'Population';
- II: 'Political History', including 'Chronological Summary', 'Introduction', 'Early period of Turkish Occupation, 1638-1834', 'Later period of Turkish Occupation, 1834-1914', and 'Commercial Developments';
- III: 'Social and Political Conditions', including 'Religious', 'Political', 'Public Education' and 'General Observations';
- IV: 'Economic Conditions', including 'Means of Communication', 'Industry', 'Commerce', 'Finance' and 'General Remarks'.
There is also an appendix which includes tables of 'Exports to Principal Countries from Baghdad', 'Imports from Principal Countries to Baghdad', 'Principal Exports from Basra' and 'Principal Imports to Basra'. This is followed by a section entitled 'Authorities' which is a bibliography of references used for the preparation of the volume. This section is divided into 'Historical' (including 'Confidential Sources'), 'Economic' ('Official' and 'General') and 'Maps'. There is a pocket at the back of the volume to house maps, but there are no maps present.
- Extent and format
- 1 volume (76 folios)
- Physical characteristics
Pagination: The volume contains an original printed pagination sequence.
Foliation: The foliation sequence commences at the front cover, and terminates at the inside back cover; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. side of each folio.
- Written in
- English in Latin script View the complete information for this record
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'Mesopotamia' [8v] (16/152), British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/L/PS/20/C190, in Qatar Digital Library <https://www.qdl.qa/archive/81055/vdc_100023514036.0x000011> [accessed 2 August 2026]
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Copyright: How to use this content
- Reference
- IOR/L/PS/20/C190
- Title
- 'Mesopotamia'
- Pages
- front, front-i, 2r:75v, back-i, back
- Author
- East India Company, the Board of Control, the India Office, or other British Government Department
- Usage terms
- Open Government Licence