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'File 61/14 VII (D 51) Relations between Nejd and Iraq' [164r] (344/416)
The record is made up of 1 volume (205 folios). It was created in 20 Jul 1928-31 Dec 1928. It was written in English. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .
Transcription
This transcription is created automatically. It may contain errors.
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[Thi. Dcmmt I. th. p,.p.,„ m. BtlMiite 0.,a. B n..t.1
EASTERN (A rab,a ). November 1, 1928,
CONF'DESTIAL' SiicTi0> 1
E 5184/3261/91] N o. j.
I' , ' foreign'Office to Mr. Jaktns {Jeddah).
| (No. 215.)
L Sir, i i T 1928.
I AM directed by Lord Cushendun to inform you that Sir Gilbert Clayton has
now reported to His Britannic Majesty's Government on his recent mission to the
Hejaz. His Britannic Majesty s Government have learnt with regret that he has
L been unable to reach any agreement with King Ibn Sand on the major question at
i issue, namely, that of the advanced police posts in the southern desert of Iraq. In
consequence, it was not possible further to discuss the various subsidiary questions
in regard to which it was desired that he should negotiate arrangements with King
Ibn Baud.
2. You will recall that in September of last year King Ibn Saud addressed to
the High Commissioner for Iraq a protest against the establishment by the Iraq
Government of certain advanced police posts. The post to which His Majesty took
principal exception was one at Busaiyah, then in course of construction, which
provided accommodation for some fifteen police. The post was situated at a distance
of 75 miles from the nearest point on the Iraq-Nejd frontier. In his letter His
Majesty represented that the construction of this post was contrary to the provisions
of article 3 of the Uqair Protocol of the 2nd December, 1922, which reads as
follows :•—
The two Governments mutually agree not to use the watering places and
wells situated in the vicinity of the border for any military purpose, such as
building forts on them, and not to concentrate troops in their vicinity."
Some three weeks later King Ibn Saud followed up this letter with a further protest.
At this point it should be explained that the construction of the Busaiyah post and
similar police posts was undertaken by the Iraq Government originally in response
to a previous complaint by King Ibn Saud that the measures taken by the Iraq
Government to put a stop to tribal raids into Nejd territory had proved ineffective.
The Iraq Government hoped by the establishment of these advanced police posts to
facilitate the administration of the tribal areas and to obtain early information which
would enable them to deal more effectively with raids across the frontier from either
side.
3. In the latter part of October the High Commissioner replied through His
Majesty's Agent to King Ibn Saud, pointing out that there was no foundation for
the charge that the establishment of the Busaiyah post was a contravention of the
Uqair Protocol, and sending photographs and details of the post to demonstrate
that, quite apart from the fact that it could not be described as "in the vicinity of
the border," its small size and limited garrison rendered any description of it as a
fort" misleading. On the 5th November, while this correspondence was in progress,
f a party of Mutair attacked the Busaiyah post and slaughtered its occupants,
! ■- including, in addition to the garrison of six police, an official of the Public Works
Department, twelve
coolies
A term used to describe labourers from a number of Asian countries, now considered derogatory.
and a woman. After this attack there followed in quick
succession a number of serious raids by Mutair tribesmen upon Iraq tribes. Strongly-
worded protests were sent to King Ibn Saud, hut these produced unsatisfactory
replies which, while admitting that in carrying out these raids the leader of the
Mutair, Sheikh Faisal-al-Dawish, had. acted in defiance of His Majesty's instruc
tions, represented that the fault really lay with the Iraq Government m constructing
the police post, and that if the post were abandoned the raids would cease. It seemed
clear that the Mutair tribe had temporarily thrown off King Ibn Saud's authority
and were no longer under his effective control, and this view was apparently sub
stantiated by a warning which His Majesty conveyed to the Resident in the Persian
Gulf to the effect that a large force of Akhwan were marching north contrary to his
orders. In these circumstances, His Britannic Majesty s Government decided that
there could no longer beany objection to the. Royal Air Force in Iraq being authorised
to pursue Akhwan raiders across the border in order to inflict, if possible, a lasting
[623 a—1] B
About this item
- Content
The volume consists of letters, telegrams, and reports relating to affairs between the British Mandate of Iraq and the Kingdom of Najd. The majority of the correspondence is between Leo Amery, Secretary of State for the Colonies, Austen Chamberlain, Foreign Secretary (both in London), Henry Dobbs, High Commissioner in Iraq, Lionel Haworth, Political Resident A senior ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul General) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Residency. in Bushire, Cyril Barrett, Political Agent A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency. in Bahrain, James More, Political Agent A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency. in Kuwait, Ibn Sa'ud, King of Hejaz-Najd and its Dependencies, John Glubb, Administrative Inspector in Iraq, Gerald De Gaury, Special Service Officer in Kuwait, and the Government of India.
The volume covers the period of unrest after a revolt by the Ikhwan during which there was a perceived threat of attacks against Iraq and Kuwait. The causes of and solutions to the crisis are suggested and debated amongst the different offices and departments of the British Government. Subjects raised are:
- intelligence of tribal movements and activities, particularly those of the Ikhwan tribes of Mutair, 'Ajman, and 'Utaibah, and the threat and occurrence of cross-border raids, all gathered from reports by John Glubb, as well as local rumour and reports;
- issues concerning the defence of Kuwait (naval protection, air reconnaissance and bombing, a land force);
- the friction between civil and military authorities;
- the second meeting (August 1929) between Gilbert Clayton and Ibn Sa'ud to try and reach an agreement;
- the thoughts, motivations, and capabilities of Ibn Sa'ud;
- a second meeting between Ibn Sa'ud and Ikhwan leaders in Riyadh to try and resolve the crisis;
- the idea of a blockade of Hasa ports to force the Najdi tribes into submission.
Other subjects included are:
- the sale of arms to Kuwait;
- Sa'id al-'Aiyash, a Damascus journalist who plans to travel to Riyadh.
- Extent and format
- 1 volume (205 folios)
- Arrangement
The volume is arranged chronologically.
- Physical characteristics
This volume comes in two parts: the first part is a bound volume; the second part is a small file.
Foliation: The sequence starts on the volume's title page and continues through to the inside back cover. It resumes on the front cover of the file and continues through to the inside back cover. The numbering is written in pencil, circled, and positioned in the top right corner of each folio. There are the following anomalies: 1A-1C; 114A; 182A-182D; and 191A. There is a second, incomplete sequence that is also written in pencil in the same place, but is uncircled.
Condition: folio 150 bottom right corner torn away, obscuring some text.
- Written in
- English in Latin script View the complete information for this record
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Copyright: How to use this content
- Reference
- IOR/R/15/1/583
- Title
- 'File 61/14 VII (D 51) Relations between Nejd and Iraq'
- Pages
- front, back, spine, edge, head, tail, front-i, i-r:i-v, 1r:1v, 1ar:1cv, 2r:11v, 12v:113v, 114ar:114bv, 115r:182v, 182ar:182dv, 184r, 185r:191v, 191ar:191av, 192r:195v, 184v, back-i
- Author
- East India Company, the Board of Control, the India Office, or other British Government Department
- Usage terms
- Open Government Licence