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'File 61/14 V (D 49) Nejd and 'Iraq, Relations between' [‎3r] (20/588)

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The record is made up of 1 volume (291 folios). It was created in 25 Feb 1928-31 Mar 1928. It was written in English and Arabic. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .

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Hote on Situation in Hajd reported from Kuwait,
A eudden redietritution of political allegiance
in Central Arabia ie no new thing and the history of
the rise of Ihn Sa'ud to power ehowe that a defection
of his tribes was inevitable (as King Faisal has always
maintained) so soon as he ceased to conquer and settled
down to the task of consolidation and re^rain^" A
backward glance at recent history will be useful.
S. About 1840 the Ibn Raehid family created the
Shamnar State of Hail under the nominal suzerainty of
the Wahabi State of the Ibn Sa^d family, which had been
weakened by Egyptian intervention in the Arabian penin
sular, In 1891 the Ibn Raohid family, after breaking
a big tribal combination against them became practically
supreme in Majd until 1902, when the present Ibn Sa'ud,
who had been an exile in Kuwait, took Riyadh by a
sudden strategm and recovered the southern provinces
of Hajd. Early in 1913 he captured the Hasa province
from the Turks and accepted from them the title of
Vali of Uajd, In 1914 he declared himself on the side
of the Allies and against the Turks and fought some
what feebly against Ibn Bashid during the whole war,
receiving large subsidies from His Britannic Majesty's
Government, The defeat of Turkey in 1918 increased
his power and weakened that of Ibn Hashid. Throughout
1921 he fought Ibn Rashid and finally took Hail in
Hovember of that year. In 1922 he claimed suzerainty
over the 'Iraq Anaizah and in March 1922 permitted an
attack upon the 'Iraq desert camel corps and shepherd
tribes

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Content

The volume contains telegrams, letters, and reports relating to affairs between Najd, Kuwait, and Iraq. Most of the correspondence is between Lionel Haworth, the Political Resident A senior ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul General) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Residency. in Bushire, Henry Dobbs, the High Commissioner in Baghdad, Ibn Sa'ud, the King of the Hejaz and Najd, Leo Amery, the Secretary of State for the Colonies in London, James More, the Political Agent A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency. in Kuwait, Cyril Barrett, the Political Agent A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency. in Bahrain, Edward Ellington, the Air Officer Commanding in Iraq, George Ambrose Lloyd, High Commissioner in Cairo, Herbert Plumer, High Commissioner in Jerusalem, H. G. C. Franklin, Senior Naval Officer in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. , Bertram Thesiger, Commander-in-Chief of the East Indies Station, and the Government of India.

The volume covers the British response to the crisis following the Ikhwan rebellion and the threat of attack on Kuwaiti and Iraqi territory. Documents relate to:

  • military measures taken to defend Kuwait and Iraq and counter the Ikhwan threat, including air reconnaissance and attacks, naval deployments (HMS Emerald, HMS Lupin, HMS Crocus, the Triad, HMS Enterprise, HMS Patrick Stewart, and the Bandra are all mentioned) frontier forts, and the supply of armoured cars and guns to Kuwait;
  • rumours and reports of tribal movements in the region, usually coming from shepherds, merchants, travellers and other local sources;
  • the thoughts and actions of Ibn Sa'ud himself, including his relations with the Ikhwan leadership;
  • the endeavour to arrange a meeting between Ibn Sa'ud and either Gilbert Clayton or the Agent at Sharjah (a Muslim).

Other subjects that emerge from the file are:

  • a concern about the large amount of cypher work that needs to be done and the need for a cypher clerk from India;
  • the situation in Yemen, including a rumoured meeting between Ibn Sa'ud and Imam Yahya, and the measures taken by the British to prevent further incursions into the Aden Protectorate by the Imam's forces;
  • the official objection to a proposed visit by the Basra Times correspondent to Riyadh to meet Ibn Sa'ud.

Notable within the volume are the following documents:

  • a series of intelligence reports by Gerald de Gaury, who was appointed to gather such information, including information on a Mutair informant, the topography of the Batin frontier, and the Roqah division of the 'Ataibah (‘Utaiba) tribe (folios 249-269);
  • Report by Barrett on Ibn Sa'ud's position, frame of mind, and actions (folios 268-274).
Extent and format
1 volume (291 folios)
Arrangement

The volume is arranged chronologically

Physical characteristics

Foliation: The sequence runs from the first folio through to the inside back cover (ff 1A-287). The numbers are written in pencil, circled, and found in the top right corner of the recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. side of each folio. There are the following irregularities: 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, and 1E. There is a second sequence that runs from 20 through to 286 (ff 19-283) but is inconsistent. The numbers are also written in pencil in the same place, but are not circled. Some early numbers are crossed out.

Written in
English and Arabic in Latin and Arabic script
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'File 61/14 V (D 49) Nejd and 'Iraq, Relations between' [‎3r] (20/588), British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/R/15/1/581, in Qatar Digital Library <https://www.qdl.qa/archive/81055/vdc_100023519381.0x000015> [accessed 13 May 2024]

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