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‘Report on the Administration of the Persian Gulf Political Residency and Muscat Political Agency for the Year 1880-81’ [84r] (40/244)
The record is made up of 1 volume (121 folios). It was created in 1881. It was written in English. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .
Transcription
This transcription is created automatically. It may contain errors.
residency
An office of the East India Company and, later, of the British Raj, established in the provinces and regions considered part of, or under the influence of, British India.
and muscat political
agency
An office of the East India Company and, later, of the British Raj, headed by an agent.
eor 1880-81.
29
APPENDIX A TO PART II.
Note on the Tribes of 'Oman by Lietjtenant-Colonel S. B.
Miles.
The aceompanyiiig table includes all the more important Arab
tribes in the kingdom, and gives their estimated numbers, distribution,
&c., but has no pretensions to be exhaustive. Short notes have been
added on some of the larger tribes, and their sub-divisions have been
given where known.
Each o£ these clans is derivable from one or other of the two great
stocks known to Arab genealogists as Kahtani and 'Adndni. The
former being also known as Yemeni, and the latter as MVaddic and
Nizar. The Yemen tribes are believed to have immigrated into 'Oman
first. They are still the most numerous and have, modernly, furnished
the rulers of the country. In the true Semitic spirit these rival races
have been in open and continuous antagonism from the time of their first
settlement, and, like the famous Yemen and Modhar wars in Syria
in old days, the Yemen and Nizar factions in 'Oman have ever kept the
country in perpetual turmoil and disruption with their feuds. Since the
early part of the 18th century, the names of Yemen and Nizar have
been metamorphosed into Hinawi and Ghaffiree, respectively, and every
tribe, large and small, is now comprised in one or other of these poli-
tical 'factions. Let it be noted, however, that these party names do not
necessarily denote the descent of a tribe. It has suited the interests of
some of them to change sides. The origin of the assumption of the
names Hinawi and Ghatfiree was first explained by Colonel Ross in his
memorandum of tribes published in 1872, which the present list is
intended to supplement. Theoretically the sub-division of Arab tribes
is very elaborate, extending to ten or more grades, but in practice it is
" usually very simple.
In 'Oman the tribes are divided first into Fakhooth*, and then each
Fakhth is sub-di.vided into beits or
* Primary meaning "thighs." The houses. In the notes the word sept has
form of plural is post-classical Omani ^ een U s e (J to represent Fakhth.
dialect. E. C. R. ^ ver y f ew of the 'Oman tribes is
there a head Shaikh commanding the obedience of all, but there is con
siderable diversity in this respect. Generally each Fakhth has its own
Shaikh, who considers himself independent of the others—a system
which effectually preserves the disunion of the tribes, and causes endless
iealousies and quarrels. There are, however, about half a dozen Shaikhs
or " Temeemehs" in 'Oman, who possess real power over their subjects
and wield it despotically. The Shaikhship is usually hereditary, and is
assumed by the eldest male .in the family unless he be incapable.
The larger tribes are mostly grouped together in leagues in each
district according to politics for the purpose of supporting each other
when attacked; while the weaker tribes are compelled to place themselves
in cliency to those more powerful. These " clients," however, generally
remnants of some ancient tribe, are accustomed to maintain themselves
About this item
- Content
Administration Report on the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. Residency An office of the East India Company and, later, of the British Raj, established in the provinces and regions considered part of, or under the influence of, British India. and Muscat Political Agency An office of the East India Company and, later, of the British Raj, headed by an agent. for 1880-81, published by Authority at the Foreign Department Press, India (Calcutta), forming part of the Selections from the Records of the Government of India, Foreign Department (No. 181) and based on reports sent to Government by Lieutenant-Colonel Edward Charles Ross, Political Resident A senior ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul General) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Residency. in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. . The report is preceded by a copy of a letter sent by Ross to Sir Alfred Comyn Lyall, Secretary to the Government of India, dated 14 July 1881, which enclosed the submission of the original reports to the Government of India (folio 69).
The report is divided up into a number of parts, as follows:
1. General Report , prepared by Ross (folios 70-82), which is divided a number of small reports, organised by region and subject, as follows: 1. ’Omán [Oman] or Muskat State; 2. Pirate Coast; 3. Islands of Bahrain; 4. Nejd, El-Hasá [Al-Hasa] and El-Katr [Qatar]; 5. Southern Persia, with subheadings for Arabistan, Fars, Bushire, Lingah [Bandar-e Lengeh] and Persian Beloochistan [Baluchistan]; and 6. Bassidore; naval; slave traffic; the observatory at Bushire; and the purchase of mules in Persia. Under the observatory report (folio 74) there is a handwritten pencil note (author unknown) which questions the underlined term ‘Samoom’ in the text, described as ‘a scorching northerly wind’. Three appendices follow the report: Appendix A comprises tabulated meteorological data from the Bushire observatory; Appendix B contains extracts from a report written by Captain Edward Durand, former Assistant Resident, on the men and internal politics of Fars; Appendix C is a genealogical table showing part of the Kájár [Qājār] royal family of Persia, indicating their present official appointments.
2. Administration Report of the Political Agency An office of the East India Company and, later, of the British Raj, headed by an agent. , Muscat, for the year 1879-80 , prepared by Lieutenant-Colonel Samuel Barrett Miles, Her Britannic Majesty’s Political Agent A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency. and Consul in Muscat (folios 83-98), chiefly reporting on internal political affairs, with additional short reports on changes in British offical personnel and the slave trade. Two appendices follow the report: A. A note on the tribes of Oman, written by Miles, with tabulated data on the population, district and political affiliation of tribes, and separate sections dedicated to each main tribe, detailing their geographic location, character, and internal organisation. Appendix A also includes two genealogical tables, entitled ‘Seif bin Mohammed bin Saeed bin Mohammed bin Abdulla Âb Boo Saidi’ (folio 92) and ‘Khalfân bin Mohammad bin Abdulla el Wakeel Âb Boo Saidi’ (folio 93). Folio 94 is a note, inserted into the volume at a later, unspecified date, stating that a map, plan or sketch has been temporarily removed from the volume. Appendix B is a note, prepared by Ross, on the Ibadhiyah sect of Oman, with the translation of chapter 29 of “Keshf-ul-Ghummeh-El-Jama’l ’Akhbár-el-Ummeh” of the Shaikh Sirhán-bin-Sa’íd-el-’Alwai of Oman.
3. Report of trade in 1880 , prepared by Ross (folios 98-175), comprising a summary of trade and the harvest in southern Persia, and imports and exports. Two appendices follow the report: Appendix A is a note on sea-fishing in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. , written by Lieutenant I. MacIvor, Assistant Political Resident A senior ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul General) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Residency. in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. , giving details of the main fishing areas; times of year for sea-fishing; boats used in fishing; fishing methods; curing and preparation of fish; importance of turtles; and varieties of fish found in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. and at Muscat, with a tabulated list of fish, alongside their (transliterated) Arabic and Persian names; numbers of boats and men involved in fishing; and quantities of fish caught in the Gulf and at Muscat. Appendix B comprises tabulated trade statistics, indicating the quantity and values of imports and exports in the region, lists of goods traded, nationality and tonnage of trading vessels.
4. Trade at Muscat , prepared by Miles, dated 27 May 1881 (folios 176-85), incorporating a general overview of trade, followed by a number of appendices comprising tabulated statistics for the average tonnage of vessels entering and leaving Muscat, imports and exports, value and description of goods.
- Extent and format
- 1 volume (121 folios)
- Arrangement
The report is arranged into a number of parts and sections, with tabulated statistical data directly following written sections as appendices. There is a contents page at the front of the report (folios 67-68), which refers to the report’s internal pagination sequence.
- Physical characteristics
Condition: There is a small tear in folio 90. A number of pages (between folios 91 and 92) have been cut out of the volume.
- Written in
- English in Latin script View the complete information for this record
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Copyright: How to use this content
- Reference
- IOR/V/23/40, No 181
- Title
- ‘Report on the Administration of the Persian Gulf Political Residency and Muscat Political Agency for the Year 1880-81’
- Pages
- front, 65r:185v, back
- Author
- East India Company, the Board of Control, the India Office, or other British Government Department
- Usage terms
- Open Government Licence