‘Report on the administration of the Persian Gulf Political Agency and Muscat Political Agency for the year 1883-84.’ [45r] (29/166)
The record is made up of 1 volume (87 folios). It was created in 1884. It was written in English. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .
Transcription
This transcription is created automatically. It may contain errors.
RESIDENCY
An office of the East India Company and, later, of the British Raj, established in the provinces and regions considered part of, or under the influence of, British India.
AND MUSCAT POLITICAL
AGENCY
An office of the East India Company and, later, of the British Raj, headed by an agent.
FOR 1883-84.
27
to Mecca and Medina lie was accompanied by a large escort and entertained witli great
sumptnousness. He created everywhere an immense sensation, and his popularity among the
people was not lessened by the generosity of his gifts. Notwithstanding his being Akharejite
or dissenter, Sa^eed was received with the greatest respect and honour by the Shereef, and on
his departure was presented with splendid gifts by Mohammed Ali. Sa'eed was received on
his return to Muscat with loud acclamations, and the rejoicings lasted several days.
In July 1826 Sa^eed sent a fleet to blockade Bushire in the absence of the Governor,
Shaikh Abdul Russool, though, at the request of the Resident, he refrained, from attacking
the town. The Shaikh himself was captured at sea on his way home shortly after and
detained a prisoner until the following year, when he paid a ransom of 80,000 dollars and
agreed to surrender a Persian princess, a sister of Reza Kolee Mirza, who had been promised
to Sa'eed, but had been delayed at Bushire by the Governor, who was desirous of marrying her
himself. In November of the same year Sa'eed, having been unable to prevail on the Govern
ment of Busra to pay the stipulated subsidy, the arrears of which had amounted to 104,000
dollars, equipped a fleet to enforce his demand. In an engagement that ensued the Turks
were defeated and the
Pasha
An Ottoman title used after the names of certain provincial governors, high-ranking officials and military commanders.
carried prisoner to Muscat. Busra was blockaded until the
Turks made terms.
The following year was spent by Sa'eed in a fruitless war with Bahrein, for which he had
made long and expensive preparations. With the object of taking the Uttoobees by surprise,
Sa^eed contradicted the rumours prevalent of his intentions, and assured the Shaikh of his
pacific feelings until about a month before he arrived there with his fleet, which was in Novem
ber 1828. In his attack on the island, however, his force was completely routed and many
slain, while he himself was slightly wounded. Being thus discouraged in his enterprise, he
abandoned its further prosecution and returned to Muscat. A peace was concluded between
the belligerents on terms not unfavourable to Sa'eed in December the following year.
In 1829 the Chief of Dhofar, Mohammed Akil, was murdered at Morbah, and Sa'eed imme
diately despatched a force to take possession of that district. This force only remained a few
months for Sa'eed, having done with Bahrein, prepared to visit his East African possessions in
order to conquer the district and island of Mombasa, and with this object withdrew the troops
from Dhofar. Having appointed his nephew, Mohammed-bin-Salim, Regent, and treacherously
seized and imprisoned his cousin Hilal, with a view to keep him out of mischief, he sailed for Mom
basa accordingly on the 15th December. The importance of this part of Sa'eed's dominions,
which was to occupy his chief attention for the next 15 years, and was to be selected shortly as
his permanent residence, will be our apology for taking a short retrospect of the state of
affairs there. East Africa had been occupied by the Omani Arabs for many centuries; they
had succeeded the Persians in the domination of the salient points of trade on that coast, and
had been in their turn supplanted by the Portuguese. Without going back to those times
to observe the wave of history, it will suffice to commence our retrospect from the peiiod
at which the decadence of the Portuguese led to the re-assumption by the Arabs of their
supremacy at Mombasa.
About the year 1655 A.D, the Imam Sultan-bin-Seif, at the solicitation of a deputation
of the inhabitants, who were tired o£ the tyrannical rule o£ the Portuguese, sent a fleet to
besiege the place.
After a siege of five years he succeeded in expelling the Portuguese and appointed a
Governor. The Portuguese, however, soon recovered possession of Mombasa and retained
it until 1696 or 1698 A.D., when an Arab fleet, despatched by the Imam Seyf-bin-Sultan,
ao-ain expelled the Portuguese from Mombasa; the success of the Arabs being followed
by a general attack on, and massacre of, the Portuguese along the coast at Kilwa, Pemba, Patta,
Zanzibar, and other places. Affairs at home, however, precluded the Imam and his successors
from interfering with East Africa, and Mombasa was left to take care of itself until the year
1728, when the Portuguese Admiral, Luis de Sampaio, appeared with his fleet and again
brought the whole coast under subjection to his sovereign. Finding the tyranny of the
Portuguese insupportable, the inhabitants soon renewed their solicitations to Oman for deliver
ance, and a small fleet was accordingly despatched to their aid. But in the meantime, having
found an opportunity, the inhabitants rose and massacred their oppressors, so that the
Arab deputed by the Imam to assist in expelling the Portuguese had nothing to do but
to quietly assume the position of Governor. This man was Mohammed-bin Sa eed El Maamiie.
For the first time an Arab garrison was placed at Zanzibar by this W ali, who appears to have
remitted a small annual tribute to 'Oman. In 1739 the then Wali of Mombasa, Saleh-
bin-Sa'eed El Hadrami, was succeeded by Moliammed-bin- ; Othman El Mezrm. Mohammed is
4 A
About this item
- Content
Administration Report on the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. Residency An office of the East India Company and, later, of the British Raj, established in the provinces and regions considered part of, or under the influence of, British India. and Muscat Political Agency An office of the East India Company and, later, of the British Raj, headed by an agent. for the year 1883-84, by Lieutenant-Colonel Edward Charles Ross, Political Resident A senior ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul General) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Residency. in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. , published by Authority by the Superintendent of Government Printing, Calcutta [Kolkata]. A copy of a letter from Ross to Charles Grant, Secretary to the Government of India (Foreign Department), dated 17 July 1884, is included in the report (folio 33), the original of which submitted the report to Government, under the following headings:
Part 1 ( General Report ), written by Ross (folios 34-39), containing summaries of local political affairs, and incidents or events of particular note for: Oman and the Pirate Coast; Bahrain; Nejd, El-Hasa [Al-Hasa] and El-Katr [Qatar]; Fars, including Lingah [Bandar-e Lengeh] and Bunder Abbass [Bandar-e ʻAbbās], and the coast between Bushire and Bandar-e Lengeh; Persian Arabistan; Persian Beloochistan [Baluchistan] and Gwadur; and Bassidore. The report also contains summaries of changes in official personnel (referred to as political establishment); British naval movements in the Gulf; and a summary of meteorological events observed at the Bushire observatory. Appendix A contains tabulated and graphical meteorological data for the year, supplied by the Bushire observatory.
Part 2 ( Administration Report of the Muscat Political Agency An office of the East India Company and, later, of the British Raj, headed by an agent. for the year 1883-84 ), submitted by Lieutenant-Colonel Samuel Barrett Miles, Her Britannic Majesty’s Political Agent A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency. and Consul at Muscat, dated 9 June 1884 (folios 40-50), containing a summary of affairs at Muscat, including raids and fighting around Muscat in October 1884, between rebel forces and those allied to the Sultan of Muscat. The report also records changes to British official personnel at Muscat, and notes recent shipwrecks on the Muscat coast. Appendix A is a biographical sketch, written by Miles, of Sayyid Sa'eed-bin-Sultan, the Imam of Muscat.
Part 3 ( Report on Trade for the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. for 1883 , folios 50-105), comprising a short summary of the year’s trade, and followed by two appendices, labelled A and B, but arranged in reverse order: B) Supplementary notes on the care and culture of date trees and fruit, written by A. R. Hakim, Assistant to the Political Resident A senior ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul General) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Residency. in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. ; A) tabulated data on trade, including data on imports and exports into and out of the Gulf ports of Bushire, Lingah [Bandar-e Lengeh], Bunder Abbass [Bandar-e ʻAbbās], Bahrain and the Arab (Oman) coast. An index to the trade tables can be found at folios 53-54.
Part 4 (
[at Muscat]), submitted by Miles, dated 9 June 1884 (folios 105-12), comprising a short summary of the year’s trade at Muscat, and an appendix containing tabulated data on imports and exports at Muscat (listed by commodity), and the nationality and average tonnage of vessels visiting Muscat.
- Extent and format
- 1 volume (87 folios)
- Arrangement
The report is arranged into four numbered parts, with lettered appendices containing further reports and statistical data after each. Two appendices following part two of the report are labelled in reverse order (B then A, instead of A then B).
- Physical characteristics
Foliation: There is a foliation sequence, which is circled in pencil, in the top right corner of the recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. of each folio. It begins on the first folio, on number 32, and ends on the last folio, on number 112.
Pagination: The volume contains an original typed pagination sequence.
- Written in
- English in Latin script View the complete information for this record
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- Reference
- IOR/V/23/45, No 198
- Title
- ‘Report on the administration of the Persian Gulf Political Agency and Muscat Political Agency for the year 1883-84.’
- Pages
- front, 31v:113r, back
- Author
- East India Company, the Board of Control, the India Office, or other British Government Department
- Usage terms
- Open Government Licence