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'File 19/191 IV (C 103) Bahrain, Persian Claim To' [158v] (319/681)
The record is made up of 1 file (336 folios). It was created in 31 Jan 1935-13 Apr 1948. It was written in English and French. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .
Transcription
This transcription is created automatically. It may contain errors.
14
4
Lor. I, 882.
Bombay
Selections,
XXTV. 429.
India Bd. to
F.O., 3.2.1851.
India Bd. to
F.O. 26.7.1849.
Hertslet, 9.
Teh. Desp.
No. 15,
17.2.1848.
Teh. Desp.
No. 11,
2.5.1848.
F .o. to i.o.,
11.6.1849.
Lor. I, 884.
F.O. to
India Bd.,
24.1.1851.
Resident " had exercised a wise discretion in not taking any step for the negotia
tion of a new treaty with Bahrein/' The Resident was, at the same time,
authorised, while avoiding discussion with the Turks, to ascertain whether the
Sheikh was inclined to enter into a closer connection with Her Majesty s
Government.
S heikhs R equest to be taken under B ritish P rotection R efused (1849).
56. In January 1849, however, the Sheikh spontaneously asked to be taken
under British protection. The Resident, who, as stated above, had originally
opposed, ultimately supported this request, but after a lengthy discussion the
(lovernment of India and Her Majesty s Government agreed that a change of
policy was inexpedient, and the Resident was instructed in September 1^40 to
decline the Sheikh's overtures, but to assure him of the continuance of the good
will and friendship of Her Majesty's Government.
Persian Protest, 1848
57. During the course of these discussions, the Persian Government pro
tested against British interference in the affairs of Bahrein, whereupon they
were informed by the Minister at Tehran in February 1848 that the British
Government were unable to recognise as valid the claims advanced by Persia to
the sovereignty of Bahrein.
Designs of Muscat, 1849
58. In June 1849 the Imam of Muscat, having intimated his desire to send
an expedition to take possession of Bahrein, and having asked the opinion of Her
Majesty's Government, was strongly dissuaded from doing so by Her Majesty's
Government.
Summary, 1840-50
59. The ruling Sheikh was expelled in 1843 and continued to intrigue to
regain the throne till his death in 1849, appealing for assistance during this
period to the Wahabis, Persia, Muscat and Great Britain, in all cases
unsuccessfully.
In 1847 "Turkey asserted a claim to Bahrein. In the same year the islands
submitted themselves to the Wahabi Amir and agreed to pay tribute to him.
Claims by Persia were advanced, but rejected, in 1844-45 and 1848.
Muscat was dissuaded from attacking Bahrein in 1849.
Her Majesty's Government, on consideration of the policy to be adopted in
regard to Bahrein, decided against establishing a protectorate and refused a
request put forward in 1849 by the Sheikh to be taken under British protection.
They assured him at the same time of their general goodwill, and their
deliberations made it clear that they regarded the island as independent, but
were reluctant to assume further responsibility in relation to it so long as its
independence and the performance of the engagements undertaken by the Sheikh
could be secured without their doing so.
yii.—1850-61
D isputes with W ahabis, 1850-51
60. In 1850 the Resident found it necessary to take disciplinary action
against the ruling Sheikh—an individual of " irresponsible character." Conse
quent on strained relations between the Sheikh and the Wahabi Amir, the Amir,
with whom the sons of the ex-Sheikh Abdullah were associated, in 1850-51
threatened Bahrein, whereupon the Sheikh " against his own better judgment. . . .
tendered a small annual tribute to the Amir," a circumstance from which it may
perhaps be inferred that he had failed to observe the agreement of 1847
referred to in paragraph 50 above. The Amir rejected the offer and made
exorbitant demands instead. The Sheikh was about to succumb to a combination
of the sons of the ex-Sheikh and the Wahabi Amir "when a British squadron
arriving off Bahrein took the islands under their protection." Peace was subse
quently made with the Wahabis in July 1851.
H er M ajesty's G overnment and the C laims of T urkey (1851)
61. In the same year Her Majesty's Government decided that the Turkish
Government should be informed at Constantinople that Her Majesty's Govern
ment, having heard that the Sheikh was desirous of placing himself under
About this item
- Content
This file contains correspondence related to the Persian government's claim to sovereignty over the territory of Bahrain. The file contains documents that discuss whether or not Bahrain could be considered formally part of the British Empire, translations of a number of newspaper articles concerning the British role in Bahrain, correspondence between British and Persian officials regarding Bahrain's status and correspondence between British officials regarding the size (and status) of the Persian community in the country.
The file also contains documents concerning the activities of a Bahraini national named Abdullah Zeera who travelled to Tehran in 1948 and claimed that Bahrainis wanted Persian rule to be re-established in Bahrain.
A British Government Memorandum of Bahrain is contained on ff.152-183. The memorandum contains a history of the country from the pre-1783 era until 1946 and details of Britain's involvement in the country. The file also includes a history of the Bahrain islands (ff110-111) prepared by the Foreign Office Research Department.
- Extent and format
- 1 file (336 folios)
- Arrangement
File is arranged in chronological order, from earliest at beginning of the file to most recent at end.
- Physical characteristics
Previously a correspondence file bound by treasury tags, the file's sheets have been unbound and are now loose. Foliation starts with the front cover and continues through to the back cover. Foliation numbers are positioned in the top right hand corner of the recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. side , written in pencil and circled. Folios 238, 272, 305 and 324 each have two parts, As and Bs respectively. A secondary foliation system, also written in pencil but not circled, starts on folio 2. This system becomes a pagination system at folio 152 which continues whenever text is present on both sides of the folio. Folios 141A. 141B and 142 are contained within an envelope.
- Written in
- English and French in Latin script View the complete information for this record
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Copyright: How to use this content
- Reference
- IOR/R/15/1/359
- Title
- 'File 19/191 IV (C 103) Bahrain, Persian Claim To'
- Pages
- front, front-i, 2r:18v, 19v:28v, 30r:47v, 49r:59v, 60v:62v, 65v:68v, 69v:82v, 83v:84v, 85v:122r, 123r:127v, 128v:141r, 141ar:141av, 141bv, 142r:142v, 141v, 143r:155v, 156v:176v, 178r:185v, 187v:190v, 191v:205v, 206v:230v, 231v:232v, 233v:235v, 236v:237v, 238ar:238bv, 239r:250v, 251v:252v, 253v, 254v:260v, 261v:269v, 271r:271v, 272ar:272bv, 273r:284v, 286v:304v, 305ar:305bv, 306r:310v, 312r:323v, 324ar:324bv, 325r:335v, back-i, back
- Author
- East India Company, the Board of Control, the India Office, or other British Government Department
- Usage terms
- Open Government Licence