'Summary of the Hejaz Revolt' [‎82v] (16/30)

The Km<r rofused to be reassured about Ibn Saud's attitude. He both feared him as a centre of a
religious ( Wahabi) movement dangerous to the llejaz, and hated him as irreconcilable to his own pretenr"
to bo King of the Arabs. The confereupes were successful in other ways, but failed to solve the Ibu .4
ouostiou. i ! i ? i - 5 , i
Kuio- Hussein finally refused to allow Mr. Phil by to return by land to Ibn baud and he went back by sea.
At the t*iul of Itecemter, 1017, Major (JomwHllis, who was in Shrrif Abdul la's cump in iho Wadi A seasonal or intermittent watercourse, or the valley in which it flows. Ais, was
informed by the Sherif that he had written to .ibn Saud in March, 1»17 ? g-uaranteein^ his future
iniiei«'nd<'uce and that of his desrendants, , Ibn'Sand is reported to have read this inrter to his council at
Kiadh and to have sent a suitable acknowledgment. Later, when Ibn llashid come to Medaiii Saleh,
Abdullah wrot# anullvr letter to Ibn baud prapK»«ing. co-operarit)u against Hail; Ibu baud briefly
&i'knowle(!a\-'i receipt of this letter but made no allusion to its contents.
At the 1 •-ihui!)- of April, I'Jbs. reliable iofonjiation was received that Ibn baud was in communication
with Fakhri PksTia at Medina to the effect'that" U.Germany would guarantee his claims to certain districts he
wan prepared to assist Turkey, but nothing came of this. However, ofi the acc ttsion ol the new bultan of
Turkey in July, Fakhri was ordered to inform Ibn .baud of his accession.
The next move was the Khurma affair {see paragraph 23), but whether this was instigated by Ibn 8aud
or not has never been clearly proved- The immediate outcome, however, was a message from His Majesty's
Government to Ibu Saud on the same lines as the message to Hussein (see paragraph 2in.
King Hussein offered in August, 1918, to visit Ibn baud with a view to settling their differences once
ami for all paragraph :£9).
— & ^
appendix c.
IBN RASIIID, EMIR OF HAIL.
Tbn Rashid, Saud ibn Abd el Aziz, has been Emir of Hail and Jebel Shammar since I ?08. This principality
was founded by an Abdah Shammar Sheikh, Abdullah ibn Rashid, who in 1835 was made Governor of Hail by
the Emir Feisal of Riadh. Since the last years of the 18th century, ail Jebel Shammar was under Nejd, and most
recently under Egyptian overlordship. Abdullah did not, however, throw off his dependence at once, but
greatly increased his power during Feisal's detention for five years in Cairo, and, dying in 1847, left his
successor, Telal, virtually free of Nejd. The latter's successor, Mohammed, the strongest native ruler seen
in Arabia iii the 19th century, consolidated his principality, and not only maintained complete independence,
but formed the greatest confederacy of tribes ever collected, and in 1892 conqtiered all the dominions of
Nejd and ruled as sole Emir of Central Arabia till his death in 1897. {See Appendix B.)
Since that time, Jauf el Amr has been lost to Nuri Shaalan, and despite active Turkish support in
1904-05 no territory has been permanently added to the bhammar domains. The Emirate, therefore, was at
the outbreak of war in 1914. confined to Jebel Shammar.
The Ibn Rashids always maiutained closer relations with the Ottoman Government than any other
independent Arabian princes, and until the Ilejaz revolt in 1910 were consistently friendly with the bherifate
of Mecca.
The Rashid house is accounted infamous, even in such a land of violence as Arabia, for its record of
domestic muiders. Another noble Shammar family, the Subhans, is Very intimately connected with it and
shares its notoriety. The present Emir is a son of Abd el \ziz, who reigned from 1897-1906, when he was
icilled in battle against Ibn Saud. Emir of Nejd. Abd el Aziz was succeeded bv his son. Mitab, who, before
he had reigned a year, was murdered by a cousin, Sultan Ibn Hamud er Rashid. Sultan was then killed by
his brother, Saud ibn Ilamud, but the latter in his turn was murdered in 1908 at the instigation of Hamud
ibn Subhau, Who brought back his nephew, Saud Ibn Abd el Aziz, from Mecca, where he had been sent for
satety, and set him up as Emir. He is said to be an irresponsible boy of boorish manners and violent and
ungovernable pass.ons, verging on madness. He has a reputation for cruelty, and even in Arabia is accounted
fthitty and fa.thless.
His friendship with the Ottoman Sultan was rewarded with large presents of arms and by a considerable
sum of money sent up with Ashraf Bey early in 1915, and with the title of Pasha An Ottoman title used after the names of certain provincial governors, high-ranking officials and military commanders. .
there are ert.mate, yarying from 20,000 to 800 of ihe numbers of flgbting men he can put into the
field, and a reasonable estimate is something under 1(J,U00 and over 5 QUO
See also paragraphs 9 (and note), 20, and 27. ' '
appendix d.
the jemal pashas.
'1 here have been three Jemal Pashas connected with Syria and Arabia—
1. Ahmed Jemal (Biyuk), the Greater or Jemal L
t ^ ^ " r ^ "•
M.wh, before the (mtbh-uk of A rtny, and Minister of Marine. In
probable tiiat he was deliberately, thons-h nerhans v ia " 16 ^eital in Damascus with him, but it seems
in the intention of-making it the excuse to crush the uT 6 eX ^-consciously, courting an Arab revolt
In m6, after the discovery of comtimmi ^ .
reepousjble tor the murder of a cousnlerubl/ nunXTT" " < ' e m ^ Freilch Consulate at Beirut, lie was
stgus .<H revolt and ciovefty managed to tlnow- it... l.l 'v naf ! Dota hles in an endeavour to sUtuin out any
(taNHMb anti-German in Ids r „| lcy | " „„ Enver I 'asha.
where it was obviously bis ambition to maintain a rii o regarinde ^ndeuce ermaflS wbo wore ^