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'File 61/14 VIII (D 55) Relations Between Nejd And Iraq' [230r] (465/782)
The record is made up of 1 volume (389 folios). It was created in 22 Dec 1928-29 Apr 1929. It was written in English and Arabic. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .
Transcription
This transcription is created automatically. It may contain errors.
[Thi» Dooament U the Property of Hii Britannic Majesty's Government.]
EASTERN (Arabia ). March 27, 1929.
CONFIDENTIAL. Section 2.
[E 1389/3/91] No. 1.
Sir Austen Chamberlain to Mr. Jakins {Jeddah).
(No. 63.)
Sir, Foreign Office, March 27, 1929.
Mr . BIRD'S despatches Nos. 43 of the 7th February, 46 and 48 of the 10th
February, his telegrams Nos. 20 and 21 of the 10th February, and your telegram
No. 29 of the 10th March, transmitted various complaints from King Tbn Sand, and
from the Acting Hejazi Minister for Foreign Affairs, in respect of (1) the action
taken by British aircraft against the abortive raid of Ibn Ashwan against Iraqi
shepherd tribes on the 29th December last; (2) the general conduct of Captain Glubb
in his administration of the southern desert area of Iraq; and (3) the interpretation
placed by His Majesty's Government on article 6 of the Bahra Agreement. These
complaints have been considered bv His Majesty's Government, in consultation with
the High Commissioner for Iraq, with the following result:—
2. The question of the raid of Ibn Ashwan on the 29th December last was dealt
with in paragraph 2 of Ibn Saud's note of the 22nd January, of which a translation
was enclosed in Mr. Bird's despatch No. 43 of the 7th February. As you will have
seen from Sir C. Clayton's telegram No. 98 of the 5th March to the Colonial Office,
repeated to you as No. 25, the statements made by Ibn Sand in this note are not
accurate. The fact that Ibn Ashwan's party were riding within Iraqi territory two
on a camel, unencumbered by baggage, and opened fire on British aircraft before the
latter attacked them is in itself conclusive evidence of the fact that the party were not
peaceful shepherds, as represented by Ibn Sand. You should accordingly address a
note to Ibn Saud in this sense in reply to paragraph 2 of His Majesty's note of the
22nd January, and add that His Majesty's Government cannot accept his version
of the incident and must repudiate the claim for compensation which His Majesty has
put forward in connexion therewith. On the contrary His Majesty's Government
look to King Ibn Saud to secure the adequate punishment of the raiders concerned.
3. As regards the alleged activities of Captain Glubb in his administration of
the desert area, the Secretary of State is in general agreement with the views
expressed by Sir G. Clayton in his telegram referred to above, and in Mr. Bourdillon's
telegrams Nos. 74 and 75 of the 20th February to the Colonial Office, repeated to you
as Nos. 70 and 18. Apart from the fact that no proof of any kind is adduced in
support of the sweeping accusations brought against Captain Glubb, it has been the
experience of His Majesty's Government in the past that allegations of provocative
action on the part of the Iraqi authorities have frequently preceded a series of raids
from Nejd, and His Majesty's Government cannot but feel that the present protests,
coming as they have just before the raids on the Iraqi Saiyyad in Nejd on the
19th February and on Iraqi shepherds in Koweit on the 3rd March, have been, to
some extent at least, intended as anticipatory excuses for the conduct of the Nejdian
tribes concerned. It is undesirable, however, that this general question should be
pursued further in writing, and you should therefore restrict yourself to making an
oral communication on the lines of this paragraph should a suitable occasion present
itself.
4. As regards Captain Glubb's alleged infringement of article 5 of the Bahra
Agreement by corresponding direct with the Nejdian Amir of Hail (see Mr. Bird's
telegram No. 20 of the 10th February), I am to enclose the accompanying copies of
Colonial Office telegram No. 84 of the 5th March to Sir G. Clayton and of Sir G.
Clayton's reply No. 102 of the 7th March on this subject. The question of direct
communication between the Amir of Hail and the Iraqi administrative authorities
in the southern desert area was dealt with in the correspondence ending with Jeddah
telegram No. 46 to the Foreign Office of the 1st May, 1926, and, in view of the
arrangements then made, the present complaint appears to be entirely without
substance. It seems unnecessary, therefore, to pursue this point further in writing,
but you may, should you consider that any useful purpose would be served thereby,
remind Fuad Hamza of the arrangements made in 1926, and explain that the Hejazi
complaint in this respect cannot be accepted by His Majesty's Government.
[735 dd—2]
About this item
- Content
The volume consists of letters, telegrams, and reports relating to affairs between the British Mandate of Iraq and the Kingdom of Najd. The majority of the correspondence is between Leo Amery, Secretary of State for the Colonies, Austen Chamberlain, Foreign Secretary (both in London), Henry Dobbs, High Commissioner in Iraq (later Gilbert Clayton, Acting Hich Commissioner in Iraq), Lionel Haworth, Political Resident A senior ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul General) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Residency. in Bushire, Cyril Barrett, Political Agent A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency. in Bahrain, James More, Political Agent A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency. in Kuwait, Ibn Sa'ud, King of Hejaz-Najd and its Dependencies, John Glubb, Administrative Inspector in Iraq, Gerald De Gaury, Special Service Officer in Kuwait, the British Agency An office of the East India Company and, later, of the British Raj, headed by an agent. in Jeddah, and the Government of India.
The volume covers the period of unrest after a revolt by the Ikhwan , including a number of raids on Kuwait and the Battle of Sabila, which effectively brought the crisis to an end. Subjects raised are:
- a raid on Kuwait by the Ikhwan;
- an attack on a car on the Kuwait-Basra road in which an American Missionary, Henry Bilkert, is killed;
- intelligence of tribal movements and activities, particularly those of the Ikhwan tribes of Mutair, 'Ajman, and 'Utaibah, and the threat and occurrence of cross-border raids, all gathered from reports by John Glubb, Flight Lieutenant Howes (Special Service Officer in Kuwait), as well as local rumour and reports;
- issues concerning the defence of Kuwait;
- the failure of Gilbert Clayton and Ibn Sa'ud to come to an agreement over the legitimacy of the desert 'police posts' in Iraq;
- the thoughts, motivations, and capabilities of Ibn Sa'ud;
- a second meeting between Ibn Sa'ud and Ikhwan leaders in Riyadh to try and resolve the crisis;
- the idea of a blockade of Hasa ports to force the Najdi tribes into submission;
- the Battle of Sabila and its aftermath.
Other subjects included are:
- the imprisonment of Nuhaitar ibn Juraiyid of the Dhafir tribe in Hail;
- the channels through which communication with Ibn Sa'ud should be made (i.e. through Bushire or through Jeddah).
Notable within the volume is a sketch map and extensive notes by Harold Dickson on the seasonal migrations of the shepherd tribes of the Lower Euphrates.
At the end of the volume (folios 378-382) are office notes.
- Extent and format
- 1 volume (389 folios)
- Arrangement
The volume is arranged chronologically. There is an alphabetical subject index to the contents, at the front of the volume (folios 3, 4). The index entries include the folio numbers of relevant documents, to help identify and locate them within the volume.
- Physical characteristics
Main foliation: the sequence starts on the first page and continues through until the inside back cover. The numbering is written in pencil, circled, and positioned in the top right corner of the recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. side of each folio. There are the following irregularities: there is no folio numbered 2, instead, the second, third, and fourth folios have been numbered respectively 2A, 2B, and 2C.
Secondary, earlier foliation sequence: the numbers1 to 341 are written in pencil, but not circled, on folios that were subsequently renumbered 5 to 377.
Condition: the top left corner of folio 47 has been torn away, obscuring some text.
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- English and Arabic in Latin and Arabic script View the complete information for this record
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'File 61/14 VIII (D 55) Relations Between Nejd And Iraq' [230r] (465/782), British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/R/15/1/584, in Qatar Digital Library <https://www.qdl.qa/archive/81055/vdc_100023663088.0x000042> [accessed 14 May 2024]
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- Reference
- IOR/R/15/1/584
- Title
- 'File 61/14 VIII (D 55) Relations Between Nejd And Iraq'
- Pages
- front, front-i, 1r:1v, 2ar:2cv, 3r:18v, 21v:129v, 131r:297v, 298ar:298bv, 299r:386v, back-i, back
- Author
- East India Company, the Board of Control, the India Office, or other British Government Department
- Usage terms
- Open Government Licence