'The Expedition for the survey of the rivers Euphrates and Tigris, carried on by order of the British government, in the years 1835, 1836, and 1837; preceded by geographical and historical notices of the regions situated between the rivers Nile and Indus. In four volumes. With fourteen maps and charts, and embellished with ninety-seven plates, besides numerous wood-cuts. Volume the first.' [‎6] (47/905)

6
COURSE OF THE KIZIL-IRMA'K.
[CHAP. I.
from the west, another affluent, called the Gok su (Blue
River).
This latter river, which represents the ancient Amnias, has
for one of its tributaries the stream called the Dadah, whose
waters enter it after having fallen into the short river of Kas-
TheK^i tamuni a few miles below the city of that name. The valley
of the Gok Irmak, the Kara sii of Kinneir, runs N.E. for
six miles, and then turns E.N.E., opening towards the main
river; it contains numerous villages, which are surrounded by
vineyards, gardens, and groves of poplars. At Ilik Tagh the
valley becomes so narrow as only to leave room for the water
to flow through. But after passing Boi-Abad it begins to
widen, and runs nearly east; being in this part of its course
fertile, well wooded, and covered with villages, which are at
short distances from one another, and occasionally hidden by
lofty and precipitous promontories. The average width of
the Gok su is from half a mile to a mile ; its course is charac
terized by abrupt windings and long reaches between wooded
hills and rocky precipices; occasionally luxuriant vegetation
surrounds its villages, and the country exhibits a succession
oi varied and beautiful landscapes. 1 This river has but few
tributaries of importance, and it eventually falls into the
Kizil Irmak just where the latter overcomes an almost im
penetrable rocky barrier. It ultimately gains its own smooth
wlfejis bed of allu vium, over which it flows with diminished velocity 8
mtothe^.t to the N.E., till it enters the Black Sea near the town of
Bafirah, 40 miles west of Samsun, after a course of upwards
of 700 miles. The Kizil Irmak, however, is not available
for the purposes of navigation, in consequence of the rapids
which occur in passing through the several chains of moun
tains, the Kirk Delim, Kush Tagh, A1 Goz, and Ada Teppeh;
as well as from the existence of volcanic rocks in its bed at
certain places. The elevation of the Kara Bel, or Paryadres,
at the springs of the river, is 5800 feet above the Black Sea';
and that of the springs themselves, at Koch Hissar, is 4000
feet. Such is the general course of the Kizil Irmak, or
Halys, the noblest river of Hither Asia: it traverses Lower
Mr. Ainsworth's MS. 2