'The Expedition for the survey of the rivers Euphrates and Tigris, carried on by order of the British government, in the years 1835, 1836, and 1837; preceded by geographical and historical notices of the regions situated between the rivers Nile and Indus. In four volumes. With fourteen maps and charts, and embellished with ninety-seven plates, besides numerous wood-cuts. Volume the first.' [‎43] (88/905)

CHAP. III.]
THE MURAD-CHA1.
43
mentioned, and when at a point about 60 miles S. by E. of its tributaries.
Erz-Rum, and 20 north of Mush, it receives a small tributary,
called the Char Buhur su, coming, by a S.E. course, from
the slopes of the Bin gol Tagh range, which attains, at its
culminating point, an elevation of about 9000 feet. This
accession of water gives a new direction to the main stream, 1
which now winds towards the south for about 20 miles (or
in the direction of Mush), until it is turned by the offsets of
the Nimrud Tagh at 10 or 12 miles short of that place; and,
after running a few miles nearly in a westerly direction, it
receives from the Nimrud Tagh and plain of Mush, a little
way west of lake Van, another river, bearing the often
repeated Turkish name of Kara su. Its sources are in the
crater of a volcano, over the lips of which it bursts in two
streams. These immediately unite and form a considerable
river, which, after a W.N.W. course of about 30 miles,
passes within three miles of the northern side of Mush, 2 a
town which contains 1200 houses, at an elevation of 4692
feet above the level of the Black Sea. 3
Murad (the river of desire) pursues a new direction, W. by junction of the
8., after the junction of the Kara su, and continues to wind Mur^d-'su-
along the valleys nearly parallel to the Dujik Tagh, from the
slopes of which range it receives several considerable streams.
Amongst these may be particularly noticed the Gunhik su,
coming into the main trunk from the north, about midway
between Mush and Palu, and likewise the Perez su, which
enters below the latter place, after a S.W. course of consider
able length. Near Palu the Murad sweeps round, and takes
a W.N.W. direction, until it joins the western branch, two
hours above Kebban Ma'den, having previously made a tor
tuous course of a little more than 400 miles through a
mountainous country, over an irregular, and, generally speak
ing, a rocky bed.
As far as their junction the branches are partially navi-
1 The Murdd-cMi, a-little below its union with the Charbuhdr, is 4138
feet above the Black Sea.—Vol. X. Part III., p. 431, of the Royal Geographical
Journal.
2 Ibid. 3 Ibid -
G 2