'The Expedition for the survey of the rivers Euphrates and Tigris, carried on by order of the British government, in the years 1835, 1836, and 1837; preceded by geographical and historical notices of the regions situated between the rivers Nile and Indus. In four volumes. With fourteen maps and charts, and embellished with ninety-seven plates, besides numerous wood-cuts. Volume the first.' [‎291] (358/905)

CHAP. XIII,] DUMBU TAGH AND ERUMBAT T AGH.
291
sures at Injeh su (scanty water), Boyali, Karajah Euren, Urgul,
Nar, Tatlar, 1 and Yarapason (Osiana), 2 which now, as in
former times, are full of excavations, serving for dwellings. Excavated
chapels, monasteries, or tombs ; 3 and, south-westward of the dwellin8S -
same point, are the no less singular habitations at Kara-hisar,
Sowanli Dereh and Gelvedereh (anciently Garsaura), 4 and
Viran Shehr (Nazianzus) ; 5 which, like the former, are pecu
liarly interesting in consequence of the variety of specimens
exhibited of rock architecture. In this direction also are the
groups of Bor 6 and Kiz-hisar, with the conical mass of Hasan
Tagh to the north-west, rising to the height of 8000 feet; and
again, south-westward of this mountain, a succession of vol
canic excavated rocks prolongs the line through the dark and
stony district of Kara Bunar to the Taurus. 7
A little distance southward of the Kara-Bel is the lofty
limestone range of Dumbu Tagh, abounding in native iron,
terminating in the latter direction with the deep valley in which
Divrigi and the range of Erumbat Tagh, overhanging it on the
southern side, are situated. The eastern extremity of the valley
thus formed is shut in by high rocky precipices; and, at some
little distance westward, running nearly in the prolongation of
the valley, are the snow-clad summits of Yamur Tagh. Again,
more southward, and parallel to the preceding chain, is the
extensive range of Sari-chi-chak (highest peak), with the Akjah
Tagh near its southern slopes; the volcanic groups of Arab Groups near
Baba, Gol Tagh, and Arab-Kir, occupy, at intervals, the Aral>Kir "
rest of the space, as far as the spot where the Dujik Tagh is
broken by the river Euphrates, which here sweeps round
the rocks of Munshar : 8 from hence fir-clad limestone groups
prolong the line in a south-westerly direction to the valley
1 Mr. W. J. Hamilton's Journey: Vol. VIII. Part II., p. 147, of the Royal
Geographical Journal.
2 Mr. Ainsworth's Journey.—Ibid., Vol. X. Part III., p. 289.
8 Ibid., p. 304. 4 Ibid., p. 300.
8 Mr. W. J. Hamilton, Vol. VIII., Part II., p. 146, of the Royal Geographi
cal Journal.
6 Probably ancient Tyana.—Mr. W. J. Hamilton: ibid., p.. 151.
' Mr. Ainsworth's Travels in Asia Minor, Vol. II., pp. 68 and 69.
8 D'Anville's Pass of Nushar : ibid., p. 331.
2 P 2