'The Expedition for the survey of the rivers Euphrates and Tigris, carried on by order of the British government, in the years 1835, 1836, and 1837; preceded by geographical and historical notices of the regions situated between the rivers Nile and Indus. In four volumes. With fourteen maps and charts, and embellished with ninety-seven plates, besides numerous wood-cuts. Volume the first.' [‎437] (522/905)

CHAP. XVIII.] TRIBES OF THE DISTRICT. 437
continue to be wanderers; but some branches of this people
are located on the slopes of the mountains and the crests of
the hills, which enclose the valleys of the Sajur, the Kersin,
Afrin, &c. In these portions of the country the Kermanj
have been allowed to retain the patriarchal government; the
Boyah Beg, or chief of the district, being answerable to the
authorities appointed by the Sultan for the taxes, labour, and
duties to be performed by his people or tribe.
The dwellings of these Kurds hold a middle place between Dwellings of
tents and permanent habitations, and the number of houses the Kurds ' ^
in a village vary from 15 to 40: they are constructed of mud,
or of the rudest kind of rubble masonry; and the people,
though extremely ignorant, are of peaceable and hospitable
dispositions. The majority of the Turkomans are nomadic;
but certain branches of this people, as the Ryhanlu, the Jerid,
and the Richwans do not quit the plains of Syria, and they
are in some respects more civilized than the others. Their
chief retains the ancient title of Malek or king.
About forty-five years ago Haider Agha, one of the Extension of
Ryhanlu chiefs, induced some of his tribe to become cul- a & riculture -
tivators; and the advantages of this mode of living becoming
manifest, the practice of agriculture gradually extended. In
order to encourage it, Ibrahim Pasha An Ottoman title used after the names of certain provincial governors, high-ranking officials and military commanders. intrusted local pdwer
to certain chiefs, as Achmet Beg of Murad Pasha An Ottoman title used after the names of certain provincial governors, high-ranking officials and military commanders. , and
Muhammed Beg of Kilis; the former has adopted the modern
dress of the Sultan and Pasha An Ottoman title used after the names of certain provincial governors, high-ranking officials and military commanders. , but he continues to live in
tents after the manner of his ancestors, and keeps up a sort
of feudal state on the plain of 'Umk; and the latter has
established himself at Kilis, which he has made the seat of
the government committed to his care.
The rest of the agricultural population consists of Turks, Syrians of the
a portion of the Anzeyrys, who have spread into the pashalik dlstrict
from that of Tripoli, and also some Syrians. The last occupy
the ravines on the northern slopes of Mount Casius and
Anti-Casius, as well as some of those on Mount Rhosus and
the Amanus, and live in small secluded villages. Their
houses usually have sloping roofs, which are covered with
tiles ; and those of the better kind have two small dwelling-