'The Expedition for the survey of the rivers Euphrates and Tigris, carried on by order of the British government, in the years 1835, 1836, and 1837; preceded by geographical and historical notices of the regions situated between the rivers Nile and Indus. In four volumes. With fourteen maps and charts, and embellished with ninety-seven plates, besides numerous wood-cuts. Volume the first.' [‎481] (568/905)

CHAP. XIX.]
KAlSERlYEH.
481
richness. 1 Including the portion outside of the present town,
the peninsula extends 1400 yards from north to south, and
nearly 800 yards eastward from the sea to the commencement
of the neck which has been formed hy the great mole carried
by Alexander from the mainland to the island, with the
materials found at Palsetyrus, and timber brought from
Lebanon. 2 But the remains of walls and buildings, now
covered by the sea at each extremity, show that the peninsula
of Tyre had at one time a much greater extent; consequently,
that the northern and southern harbours were more capacious
than they are now; the town also was larger, a part having
been, at a subsequent time, inundated. 3
The first city of Tyre, the eldest daughter of Sidon, stood Paieetyms.
on the mainland, and even very anciently it bore the name of
Palsetyrus; but insular Tyre was the principal place when it
was besieged by Nebuchadnezzar and Alexander, who sur
rounded it by their fleets: it then contained the palaces of
her merchant princes, and the abodes of her traffickers, who
are designated in Scripture the honourable of the earth. Of
the more ancient city, however, there are few or no vestiges ;
for it is doubtful whether or not the fountains already
noticed, and part of an aqueduct, are such.
About nine miles south-south-west is Cape Blanco, and Ancient road,
the remarkable road called the Tyrian ladder; 4 and from
hence an ancient paved road leads by Ras Nakhora to
the celebrated Ka'iseriyeh, the Gath of the Philistines, sub
sequently Csesarea, 5 which, as late as the time of Edrisi, was
a large city, surrounded by suburbs, and defended by a strong
citadel. 6 Portions of the walls, and of an aqueduct, with a
temple and some granite columns, are the principal remains of
1 Edrisi, tome V., p. 314, Recueil de Voyages et de Memoires, &c.
2 Rollin's Anc. Hist.
3 Compare Maundrell's Journey, p. 44 (Rivington; London, 1832), with
Count deBertou, On the Site of Ancient Tyre (London, Geog. Journal, vol. IX.,
p. 289). Benjamin of Tudela observes, that whoever embarks may observe
the towers, markets, &c- By A. Asher, vol. I., p. 63.
4 See above, p. 464. 5 The 8th, 9th, 10th, and 11th chapters of the Acts,
6 Tome V., p. 348, Recueil de Voyages et de Memoires, &c.
VOL. I. ^ Q