'File 19/191 III (C 56) Bahrain, Persian Claim To' [114v] (247/396)
The record is made up of 1 volume (184 folios). It was created in 26 Jan 1932-24 Jan 1935. It was written in English and French. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .
Transcription
This transcription is created automatically. It may contain errors.
40
the authority of or reference to Government. The treaty
into which he had entered was immediately otficialiy dis-
'ivowed and the Persian Government so informed, and
Captain Bruce, as a sign of disapproval of his action, was
removed from his appointment. The Persian Government
on their side equally disapproved the action of the Prince
Governor of Fars in entering into any treaty discussions
without the prior approval of the Shah. _ [The _ Persian
Government were reminded of this in 1825, 1845, 1866,
1907, 1928 and 1929.] It appears impossible in these circum
stances to base any legitimate claim to Persian sovereignty
over Bahrein on the provisions of the Treaty of 1822.
(4) The Gold Coin alleged
Bahrein 1817.
Please see paragraph 47 above.
A Persian Mission appears to have visited Bahrein in
1816 or 1817 (paragraph 9 above) and it is conceivable that
a coin might have been struck on that occasion. On the
other hand, it would probably be extremely difficult to
prove that the coin had not in fact been struck elsewhere,
though with an indication that it had been minted at
Bahrein. The incident is in itself of relatively small
importance, and it would, it is suggested, be impossible
for Persia to use such an incident, even if it could be
proved, save in support of arguments of much more sub
stantial character.
(5) Payment of Peeshkeslt, Offer
Stages by Bahrein
From paragraph 6 above it will be seen that tribute
appears to have been paid by Bahrein to Persia in 1799.
The rulers of Bahrein may also have offered to pay
tribute in 1839 (paragraph 32) and appear to have
offered to do so in 1860 (paragraph 67). In assessing
the importance of the payment of tribute in 1799, or,
if it then took place, in 1839 or 1860, it is relevant that
such payment or promise of payment was immediately
followed by the submission of the rulers of Bahrein, in
1800 to Muscat, in 1839 to the Egyptians, and in 1860
to the Turks. In estimating the importance of such
payments as evidence of a recognition of Persian suzerainty,
the arguments advanced by Her Majesty's Minister at Tehran
in his Despatch No. 28 of March 1845, in which Colonel
Sheil remarks that the Chiefs of Bahrein " had in all
probability from time to time given peeshkesh, offerings, or
tribute to Persia as a mark of superiority, as Kandahar and
Herat still continue to do, wit
subjection and the comment thereon of the Secret Com
mittee of the East India Company that " presents and
complimentary messages do not imply an acknowledgment
of sovereignty, and they have not been confined to Persia"
are also relevant.
(6) Flying of the Persian Flag
(a) The Persian flag was hoisted by the Sheikh of
Bahiein in 1860. But as will be seen from paragraph 67
above, hardly had it been hoisted when, on llie arrival of
9. Turkish emissary, it was lowered and the Turkish flag"
hoisted in its place. At a later stage in 1860—61 the Persian
wei ' e apparently flown side by side by the
Sheikh. It appears difficult in these circumstances to base
any substantial argument on the incident.
V -^otes addressed by the Persian envoy in London
to the Foreign Office in February 1869 alleged that the
Persian flag had been hoisted by Sheikh Md.' bin Khalifah
and that the Resident had in September 1868 bombarded the
About this item
- Content
This file contains correspondence between British officials in Bahrain, Bushire, India and London regarding Persian goverment's claim of sovereignty over the territory of Bahrain. The impact of the discovery of oil deposits in Bahrain is discussed as is the broader international reaction to the claim. The file contains translations of several articles published in the Persian press on the topic and a translation of an article that appeared in a Dutch newspaper.
A detailed Historical Memorandum of Bahrain compiled by the India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. is contained on ff. 94-118. The memorandum contains a history of Bahrain from the pre-1783 era until 1934 and includes details of the British role in the country, the numerous treaties signed by the Al Khalifa family with the British and a discussion of Turkish (Ottoman) and Persian claims to the territory.
- Extent and format
- 1 volume (184 folios)
- Arrangement
File is arranged in chronological order, from earliest at beginning of the file to most recent at end.
- Physical characteristics
A bound correspondence volume. Foliation starts on the first letter page (4th folio in the volume) and finishes on the last letter page (5 folios from end of volume). Pencil number in top right corner of recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. . From f 90, an inconsistent pagination system begins. Only pages with typescript are paginated. When both sides have typescript, pagination numbers are found only on even-numbered pages. There are two foliation errors: between f 14 and f 16 we have f 15A and f 15 B; between f 68 and f 70 we have f 69A and f 69B.
- Written in
- English and French in Latin script View the complete information for this record
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Copyright: How to use this content
- Reference
- IOR/R/15/1/358
- Title
- 'File 19/191 III (C 56) Bahrain, Persian Claim To'
- Pages
- front, back, spine, edge, head, tail, front-i, i-r:iv-v, 1r:14v, 15ar:15bv, 16r:68v, 69ar:69bv, 70r:184v, v-r:viii-v, back-i
- Author
- East India Company, the Board of Control, the India Office, or other British Government Department
- Usage terms
- Open Government Licence