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‘Memorandum respecting the frontier between Mohammerah and Turkey.’ [‎10r] (19/82)

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The record is made up of 1 file (41 folios, 5 maps). It was created in 3 Apr 1912. It was written in English and French. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .

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16
Arab than the district of Tamar (probably some
6 to 9 miles above Mohammerah). Major Rawlin-
son says that the Sheikh was influenced in this
withdrawal rather by a disinclination to come into
collision with the growing power of the Muntefik
tribe, and by the necessity of preparation asrainst
Persia, than by any respect for the rights, or
deference to the views of, Turkey. It was at
this time, or about 1S12, that he built a fort
upon either side of the Hatfar Canal, with the
view, it was stated, of protecting his frontier
against the Muntefik, and be entrusted the
defence of the place to his confidential servant
Mirdow, of the Muhaisin tribe, which was at
that time subordinate to the Chaab. It was a
place of no consequence at first, but under the
increasingly independent rule of Haji Jabir,
the son of Mirdow, and a man of exceptional
capacity, its favourable situation attracted com
merce, and it rapidly rose into eminence as the
mercantile town of Mohammerah.
Major Rawlinson's (Parenthetically it may be mentionned that,
Memorandum with certain interruptions, Haii Jabir acted as
dated January 6, a o
1844, on " deputy at Mohammerah from about 1820 till
Lieutenaiit rah ' 1858 on behalf of the Chaab Sheikhs, whose
Wilson's precis, principal place of residence continued to be
dated March 1911 an( j j n 2862 he finally superseded
No.\ Telegraphic, them. The present (1912) Sheikh Khazal of
March 20, 1912. Mohammerah, is the son of Haji Jabir, and
rules over both the Chaab and Muhaisin tribes.)
Major Rawlinson's Between 1830 and 1837 the town of Moham-
Memorandnm, merah had risen into so much consequence that
18H on nUary ^ it now evoked general attention, and Sheikh Ilaji
Mohammerah. Jabir's anomalous position began of course to
be submitted to enquiry. 0 It was in the last-
named year that the Pasha An Ottoman title used after the names of certain provincial governors, high-ranking officials and military commanders. of Bagdad, as already
related, marched against Mohammerah, took it by
assault, and plundered all the merchandise stored
in its warehouses : he even made a demonstration
against Fellahieh, which compelled the ruling
Sheikh Thamir to seek refuge for a time at
Ivoweit. This Sheikh Thamir, on his return,
signed, for his own personal ends, a convention
with the Pasha An Ottoman title used after the names of certain provincial governors, high-ranking officials and military commanders. of Bagdad, securing himself in
occupation of the sheikhship, and pledging the
allegiance of his tribe to Turkey.
But Sheikh Jabir, who could not so easily
forgive the destruction of his flourishing town by
the Turks, refused to be bound by this conven-
* Sheikh Haji Jabir settled directly with the Government
of Bussorah for the land rent of the town of Mohammerah.

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Content

The memorandum concerns the border between Mohammerah [Khorramshahr] and Turkey, and was prepared by Alwyn Parker of the Foreign Office. There are a number of labels at the top of the first page: ‘Persia’, ‘Confidential’ and ‘Section 10’. The memorandum sections are as follows:

  • Part I. A preface (folios 1-5), introducing the points at issue, with two maps, the first being a sketch map of the Mohammerah district, with the proposed Turkish, Persian and mediating commissioner’s lines indicated (folio 2), and a map compiled from plane table surveys by Lieutenant Arnold Talbot Wilson in 1909, with the frontier as defined by the mediating commissioners in 1850 (folio 4);
  • Part II. An historical summary (folios 6-19) of British Government correspondence relating to the border dispute, with the chief focus being on correspondence exchanged during the period 1843-52, around the time of the Treaty of Erzeroum (c.1848). This part contains two copies of a map, a facsimile of a diagram of the disputed area, the original of which was enclosed by Colonel Williams in his despatch of 4 February 1850, indicating Turkish and Persian claims and the mediating commissioner’s proposal (folios 15, 19);
  • Part III. Conclusion (folios 20-28), with a further map (folio 23), an exact copy of that found on folio 4.

The appendices that follow are:

  • A: British assurances given to the Shaikh of Mohammerah, 1899 and 1902-10;
  • B. Protocol of December 1911 (in French) for the proposal settlement of the Turco-Persian frontier question;
  • C. An extract from Sir Austen Henry Layard’s Early Adventures in Persia, Susiana, and Babylonia , published in 1887. The extract is from volume 2, pp 431-439;
  • D. Rough notes made by General William Monteith when in Persia, on the frontier of Turkey and Persia, as communicated to the Foreign Office in 1843;
  • E. Observations by Sir Henry Rawlinson on a Persian memorandum relative to the situation of the cities of Mohammerah and Fellahiah [Fallāḥīyah], 1844;
  • F. Text of the Treaty of Erzeroum, 31 May 1847, in English and French translation;
  • G. Copy of a despatch from Sir Stratford Canning, the British Ambassador to Istanbul, to Lord Palmerston, Foreign Secretary, dated 30 May 1850;
  • H. Copy of a despatch from Lord Palmerston to Lord Broomfield, dated 12 July 1850.
Extent and format
1 file (41 folios, 5 maps)
Arrangement

The memorandum is arranged into three parts, labelled I, II and III, which are followed by eight lettered appendices, A-H. Historic correspondence referred to in the memorandum is referenced in the inside page margin.

Physical characteristics

Foliation: The foliation sequence commences at the first folio and terminates at the last folio; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. side of each folio.

Pagination: The booklet contains an original typed pagination sequence.

Written in
English and French in Latin script
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‘Memorandum respecting the frontier between Mohammerah and Turkey.’ [‎10r] (19/82), British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/L/PS/18/B380, in Qatar Digital Library <https://www.qdl.qa/archive/81055/vdc_100024051501.0x000014> [accessed 13 May 2024]

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