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'File 1/18 II Major Head:- Political. Subject:- Sultan of Najd's relations with Iraq.' [158r] (320/912)
The record is made up of 1 volume (452 folios). It was created in 21 Feb 1928-4 Apr 1928. It was written in English and Arabic. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .
Transcription
This transcription is created automatically. It may contain errors.
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!No. 180-S, hebegs me to inform you he is still ready to discuss the question,
or any other question affecting Nijd, with Iraq Government. He has
learned that Iraq Government is going to hold a census. This affects
Najdis in Iraq adversely to some extent ; most imagine that to retain
their nationality means to be expelled from Iraq. The Government of Neid
cannot recognise any change or innovation which affects their subiects
adversely until it has been discussed by two Governments.
Letter follows by post.
1 have informed him in reply. I have communicated his messaee to you
Addressed to Baghdad ; repeated Bushire.
Enclo. XII of Serial No. (98).
Translation of letter No. M.-3IM.-3-27,dated the 12th Jamad al Thani
1346. 7th December 1927, from His Majesty King Abdul Aziz bin Abdur
Rahman al Faisal as Saud to the
Political Agent
A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency.
, Bahrein.
After compliments.
We heg to acknowledge the receipt of your letter -No. 127, dated the 22nd
Jamad-al-Awal 1346 17th November 1927, which contains an answer from
His Excellency the High Commissioner for Iraq to our protest which we sent
from Macca on 9th Rabi-al-Awal 1346.
• lfl W T hat T d , e , US f ? el on U , rp ^ ised is that the date of Hi g h Commissioner’s letter
a l 0ctoper 1927, but it was despatched to us on 22nd
17th November 1927, *.<?., 18 days after it was written. It was coincidence that
attracts a man s attention. We sent out protest about an important and
■ critical matter the reply for which was written after two months and more
than this we get it after three months. His Excellency the High Commis-
sioner stated in his reply that he was surprised at our protest about the
I building of the fort and other similar ones at the frontier and that the first
was miles aw r ay from the boundary.
,, We do not want to argue with His Excellency about the miles whether*
they be tar or near as we had no agreement about fixed miles and the agree
ment between us winch is accepted and considered is as follows—
(Article three. Both Governments on the part of each of them under
take not to use the water and wells existing at the borders of the boundary
tor any military purposes such as the building of forts at them or the mobilisa-
tion ot troops at their borders). This is the wording of the article three of
U]air Protocal dated 12th Rabi-al-Awal 1341.
o d tPen , Busaiyah, the places belonging to it, the waters near by
it and other places at the border come under this article w 7 hich had forbidden
building at them Was there any mention in the article about the miles or
the distance ? And is that building a breach of this article or not ?
If they-(Iraq) pretend that this breach was in our interest for prevent
ing raiders from raiding us the Najdis consider such sort of a building as a
breach of their treaties and precisely the road that leads trouble to them
therefore I can see only two clear methods of meeting the situation, either the
abovementioned article is considered in force in which case the buildings
erected should he removed and Busaiyah should be the first of them as they are
contrary to the proyisions of the said article or this article is not to be carried
out and the forts built are not removed in which case the treaties with the
raq Government will all be considered cancelled, for which we shall feel verv
sorry for the obstinacy which the Iraq Government displav. We still reneat
our protest against the breach of that article and ask for the removal of the
bmldings which have been erected at the earliest date in compliance with the
undertakings m the interests of order and as a precaution against troubles
w ich arise on account of letting matters lapse and become critical at the
frontier as we have explained in our previous letters to His Excellencv the
Hign Lommissioner on the subject* J
Usual ending.
About this item
- Content
The file deals with political relations between the King of Hejaz and Najd [‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd] (commonly referred to in the papers as Bin Saud or Ibn Saud) and the states of Iraq and Kuwait, particularly in terms of raids by Akhwan [Ikhwān] tribes from Najd.
The correspondence is mainly between the Political Resident A senior ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul General) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Residency. in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. (Lieutenant-Colonel Lionel Berkeley Holt Haworth) and the Political Agent A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency. , Bahrain (also spelled Bahrein, Major Cyril Charles Johnson Barrett). There is also correspondence between British officials and Bin Saud. Enclosures to correspondence from the Political Resident A senior ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul General) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Residency. include copies of correspondence with the Political Agent A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency. , Kuwait; the office of the High Commissioner, Iraq; the Colonial Office, London; the Government of India; the Senior Naval Officer in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. ; and other British officials in the region.
The papers cover the following:
- disputes over border posts in Iraq;
- diplomatic contact between the British and Bin Saud;
- report on Bin Saud and the Iraqi press (folios 27-28);
- activities of Faisal ad Dawish [Fayṣal al-Dawīsh] and other Akhwan leaders;
- raids by Akhwan tribes, especially Mutair and Ajman;
- activities of the Royal Navy and Royal Indian Marine to protect Kuwait;
- activities of the Royal Air Force (RAF) to protect Kuwait;
- use of air reconnaissance against tribes;
- the British response to the raids, including the need to protect British subjects and British property in Kuwait (e.g. folio 79);
- note on Bin Saud by Barrett, 3 March 1928 (folios 134-140);
- use of cars, aeroplanes and armoured cars to defend against attacks by Akhwan;
- threat to British oil supplies (folios 192-194);
- descriptions of plunder taken by Akhwan from desert tribes (donkeys, sheep, goats etc.);
- Akhwan 'jehad' [jihad] against non-Akhwan tribes (e.g. folios 209-210);
- provision by British of machine guns and Lewis guns for defence of Kuwait (e.g. folio 234);
- threat of extension of conflict to Trans-Jordan (folio 310).
The Arabic content of the file consists of approximately ten folios of correspondence, mainly copies of letters from the Political Agent A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency. , Bahrain.
The date range gives the covering dates of the main run of correspondence. The earliest document in the file is an enclosure to the first item of correspondence and is dated 28 January 1928.
- Extent and format
- 1 volume (452 folios)
- Arrangement
The papers are filed in chronological order from the front to the rear of the file, except where enclosures of an earlier date are filed after the relevant covering letter.
- Physical characteristics
Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1 and terminates at the inside back cover with 454; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is also present in parallel between ff 7-453; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and are located in the same position as the main sequence.
- Written in
- English and Arabic in Latin and Arabic script View the complete information for this record
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Copyright: How to use this content
- Reference
- IOR/R/15/2/90
- Title
- 'File 1/18 II Major Head:- Political. Subject:- Sultan of Najd's relations with Iraq.'
- Pages
- front, back, spine, edge, head, tail, front-i, 2r:105v, 107r:114v, 118r:271v, 273r:453v, back-i
- Author
- East India Company, the Board of Control, the India Office, or other British Government Department
- Usage terms
- Open Government Licence