Skip to item: of 68
Information about this record Back to top
Open in Universal viewer
Open in Mirador IIIF viewer

'The Russians in Akhal' [‎46v] (44/68)

This item is part of

The record is made up of 1 file (34 folios). It was created in Mar 1882. It was written in English. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .

Transcription

This transcription is created automatically. It may contain errors.

Apply page layout

allow their caravans to proceed
wherever they liked. Several
members of their caravans went
to Boojnoord, and Yad Mahomed
Khan, the Elkhanee of Boojnoord,
seized them, and took all their
horses and arms. An arrange
ment must be made so as to
encourage them, and make them
observe their arrangements.
It has been arranged that they
are to send 20 horsemen as
Gholams, to be always in atten
dance upon your Boyal Highness,
and receive their pay from the
Persian Government. Whenever
your Boyal Highness thinks
proper to relieve them on fur
lough, 20 others will come in their
place, so that 20 of their horse
men may be in constant attendance
upon your Boyal Highness as
Gholams.
The lands which lie between
Koochan, Shadloo, Boojnoord, and
the Teke country, and extend
from the frontier of Boojnoord to
the eastern frontier of Deragez,
have for a number of years re
mained unsown, and neither side
have cultivated them. The Tekd
Turcomans now request that as
much as the Zaaferanloo tribe,
the Shadloos, and the people of
Heragez can cultivate should be
allotted to them, and the remainder
given to the Turcomans for their
cultivation and pasture lands, and
they will give one tenth of the
produce of their harvest to the
Persian Government. Eor the
present, I have given no answer
on this subject, awaiting your de
cision on the matter.
Apparently such a step would
not be without advantages, if the
said lands be granted to them by
degrees, five families and ten
families at a time, and will come
and settle there, and begin cul
tivating the fields, and an inter
course will spring up between them
and the people of this side. In
time they will become familiar;
and our people will derive the
benefit thereof.
They will also give a tenth of the
produce of the lands granted to
them, and little by little they will
be made to pay heavy taxes and
I'evenue.
but the pay of the 1,000 watchmen
he said he could not fix until he
had had an interview with the Shah,
adding that he would at once dis
burse the money for 400 men, and
requesting us to employ, while he
was at Teheran, 1,000 men to guard
against depredations by turbulent
people, and to prevent them from
attacking Khorassan and Khiva,
and from endangering the traffic
on the Krasnovodsk road. Nur-
Yerdy Khan hereupon observed
that if the monthly payment were
made with regularity, ail this
should be done, but that otherwise
he could not guarantee security
(against the Turcomans), and
would not hold himself responsible.
“ After this all who had as
sembled at the conference dispersed
to their several aiils, having ap
pointed 40 ketkhuds to accompany
Abdul-Hassan Khan to Teheran.
“ Eater on, four men with Oman
Geldy brought 5,000 krans, of
which 1,500 were paid to the
farash of the tribe of Sigmash ;
1,500 to the fai'ish of Yakshi-Tash-
Ayak, 1,000 to the farash of the
Vakil Elected representative or attorney, acting in legal matters such as contracting marriage, inheritance, or business; a high-ranking legal official; could also refer to a custodian or administrator. (Nur-Verdy Khan’s) tribe,
and 1,000 to the farash of the Bek
tribe (Hraz-Mohmed Khan’s). Eor
the ketkhuds and other farash,
Abdul-Hassan Khan promised to
send money from Kuchan. AVe
did not receive any more of the
promised money besides the krans,
which were duly distributed, there
fore the plan agreed upon was not
carried out, and since then we have
been plundering the Persians as
usual, and they have been plunder
ing us.”
“We report accurately to your
Excellency as above, and if any
one sends you another communica
tion disagreeing with ours, we beg
you not to put any faith in it.
“ We agreed to the proposition
made by Abdul-Hassan only be
cause our people are in captivity
in Persia, whom we wish to recover.
In reality we and our land are
yours. We belong to and serve
the Khan of Khiva, which is tan
tamount to serving you, since the
Khan of Khiva cannot manage his
own affairs, let alone us. We Tur
comans are simple people, and shall
obey your commander. Eurther

About this item

Content

The memorandum is divided into four parts. The first part (folios 26-41) outlines Russian activities and aims in the Trans-Caspian region from 1716-1880; it narrates the extension of Russian influence over the Turcoman [Turkmen] tribes in the region to their eventual absorption into the Russian Empire to form part of Transcaspia. As a result it includes information concerning Russian military expeditions and various efforts made by them to coerce the Turcomen tribes into becoming Russian subjects, and some of the Turcoman efforts to resist. More especially it includes details on the establishment of a Russian naval base at Ashurada and the Russian occupation of Krasnovodsk [Turkmenbashi].

The second part (folios 42-48) concerns attempts by the Turcoman tribes to seek the protection of either Afghanistan or Persia. It includes a translation of a document (folios 44v-47) sent by Adul Hassan Khan, Governor of Kuchan, to Rukn-ud-dowla, Governor of Khorassa, which concerns the submission of the Teke tribes of Atamish and Tokhtamest to Persia; a Russian take on the situation claiming that the tribes rejected the Persian offer is included alongside. The terms of an agreement between the Shah of Persia and the Merv [Mary] Teke — in which the latter become Persian subjects — is located on folios 47v-48.

The third part (folios 49-52) focuses on the attempts by the Amir of Afghanistan, Shrere-Ali-Khan [Sher Ali Khan], to seek British protection against Russian aggression; the Amir is concerned that a Russian advance on the Merv would be a prelude to an attack on Afghanistan, or that the Russians may pursue any retreating Turcoman into Afghanistan.

The fourth and final part (folios 53-58) outlines Persia's efforts to secure its northern frontier against Russian encroachment, and the interventions that the British have made to assist with this resistance. It also discusses diplomatic exchanges to affect a joint Anglo-Russian agreement to maintain the integrity of Persia.

Extent and format
1 file (34 folios)
Physical characteristics

Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at f 25, and terminates at f 58, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, and are located in the top right corner of the recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. side of each folio. Pagination: the item also contains an original printed pagination sequence.

Written in
English in Latin script
View the complete information for this record

Use and share this item

Share this item
Cite this item in your research

'The Russians in Akhal' [‎46v] (44/68), British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/L/PS/18/C78, in Qatar Digital Library <https://www.qdl.qa/archive/81055/vdc_100025852016.0x00002d> [accessed 15 May 2024]

Link to this item
Embed this item

Copy and paste the code below into your web page where you would like to embed the image.

<meta charset="utf-8"><a href="https://www.qdl.qa/en/archive/81055/vdc_100025852016.0x00002d">'The Russians in Akhal' [&lrm;46v] (44/68)</a>
<a href="https://www.qdl.qa/en/archive/81055/vdc_100025852016.0x00002d">
	<img src="https://iiif.qdl.qa/iiif/images/81055/vdc_100000000833.0x0000ca/IOR_L_PS_18_C78_0044.jp2/full/!280,240/0/default.jpg" alt="" />
</a>
IIIF details

This record has a IIIF manifest available as follows. If you have a compatible viewer you can drag the icon to load it.https://www.qdl.qa/en/iiif/81055/vdc_100000000833.0x0000ca/manifestOpen in Universal viewerOpen in Mirador viewerMore options for embedding images

Use and reuse
Download this image