File 1247/1912 Pt 1 'Turkey:- Communication to Turkish Govt of agreement between Gt. Britain and Koweit, Bahrein & Trucial Chiefs. Decorations for Sheiks of Koweit, Mohammerah & Bahrein in connection with Anglo-Turkish Convention.' [‎143r] (205/336)

Issued, at Has-ool-Kheiruah in the forenoon of Saturday, the 29th of the month of
Rabe-ul-Awul, in the year 1235, corresponding to the loth January, 1820.
(L.S.) W. GRANT KEIR,
Major-General.
^ (L.S.) H ASSUN-BIN-ALT.
Copy of the articles entered into between the general and Hassun-hin-Ali in the
forenoon of Saturday, the 29th Rabe-ul-Awul, in the year of Hegira 1235, corresponding
to the 15th January, 1820.
Witness my hand and seal:
(L.S.) W. Grant Keir,
Major-General.
( 10 .)
General Treaty with the Arab Tribes of the Persian Gulf An agreement made in 1820 between Britain and ten tribal rulers of the eastern Arabian coast, often seen as marking the start of 150 years of British hegemony in the region. , 1820.
(Translation.)
In the name of God, the Merciful, the Compassionate!
Praise be to God, who hath ordained peace to be a blessing to his creatures. There
is established a lasting peace between the British Government and the Arab tribes, who
are parties to this contract, on the following conditions
Article 1.
There shall be a cessation of plunder and piracy by lands and sea on the part of
the Arabs, who are parties to this contract, for ever.
Article 2.
If any individual of the people of the Arabs contracting shall attack any that pass
by land or sea of any nation whatsoever, in the way of plunder and piracy and not of
acknowledged war, he shall be accounted an enemy of all mankind and shall be held to
have forfeited both life and goods. And acknowledged war is that which is proclaimed
avowed and ordered by Government against Government; and the killing of men and
taking of goods without proclamation, avowal, and the order of a Government is plunder
and piracy.
Article 3.
The friendly (literally the pacificated) Arabs shall carry by land and sea a red flag,
with or without letters in it, at their option, and this shall be in a border of white, the
breadth of the white in the border being equal to the breadth of the red, as represented
in the margin* (the whole forming the flag known in the British navy by the title of
white-pierced red), this shall be the flag of the friendly Arabs, and they shall use it and
no other.
Article 4.
pacificated tribes shall all of them continue in their former relations, with the
that they shall be at peace with the British Government, and shall not fight
other, and the flag shall be a symbol of this only and of nothing further.
exception
with each
Article 5.
The vessels of the friendly Arabs shall all of them have in their possession a paper
(register) signed with the signature of their chief in which shall be the name of the
vessel, its length, its breadth, and how many karahs it holds. And they shall also have
in their possession another writing (port clearance) signed with the signature ot their
chief in which shall be the name of the owner, the name of the nakhoda, the number
of men, the number of arms, from whence sailed, at what time, and to what port bound.
* Not reproduced.