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File 795/1913 'Persia Situation in Fars' [187r] (378/390)
The record is made up of 1 volume (191 folios). It was created in 30 Oct 1912-18 Jun 1913. It was written in English. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .
Transcription
This transcription is created automatically. It may contain errors.
189
such as would have made him their servant TTo n ‘r n
would give him a m ( xleratrfo ICP " Te woukl wnh l i’h^n
Fnili'.Vfh^T Muh , a , mmad Ali Khfin . oVertbrow be cLsideredTSal’
himself. 6 C ° U d n remaln llkhani Bith an y P rofit t0 tb e Government or
In thus retiring from the tribes,
Sardar
Leader of a tribe or a polity; also refers to a military rank or title given to a commander of an army or division.
Ihtisham seems to have displayed
regrettable preo'puat.on and weakness. Probably he realised tbatlbe days of
the Ilkhnmship were oyer and thought it better to retire on the money he had
succeeded m collecting than to provoke innumerable blood-leuds Ty a fione e«
struggle against the recalcitrant kalantars. y 110 P eless
The part played by Sowlet-ed-Dowleh in the Baiza developments ts
2 ]” lre j , e undoubtedly had some sort of an understanding with Sowlet-es-
Saltaneb, but it seems evident that Muhammad Ali Khan, Haii Muhammad
Karim Khan and some other Kashgai chiefs reallv cherished hopes of establish
mg Son let-es-Salfaneh as a puppet llkhani. These hopes were inevitably
disappointed through the incapacity of Sowlet-es-Saltaneh. A meeting took
place between him, Sowlet-ed-Dowlel, and Muhammad Ali Khan near Khan £
Zinian, with the result that Sowlet-es-Saltaneh agreed to accompany h s
brother to Jirreh. Muhammad Ali Khan and Muhammad Khan pitched up
a reconciliation oue wit, another, and both proceeded to Shnpur. Sowlet-es-
hii wn S P ? m Char "! V' 6 Kaal, S ais b y the Persian Government,
has been more or less superseded l.y Sowlet-ed-Dowleh, who appears to be
exercising a vague suzerainty over the tribes. Ali Penali Kilia and Samsam-
es-Sultan sulTeicd considerably, for their possessions were plundered bv Ayyaz
Kiha. Zeki Khan, the larsimadani kalantar, has been dismissed by Sowlet-es-
Saltaneh or Sowlet-ed-Dowleh and has gone to Kamarii with his immediate
retainers. Masih Khan, the other Karsimadani kalantar, and two of the lesser
Kashkuli Khans went with
Sardar
Leader of a tribe or a polity; also refers to a military rank or title given to a commander of an army or division.
Ihtisham to meet the Governor-General at
rersepolis.
£ ,, Th f. ^ te 1 n . esa of 1 the season was P artl y responsible for the hurried departure
ot the disturbing elements from the vicinity of the town. Also no doubt
Sowlet-ed-Dowleh, Sowlet-es-Saltaneh and Muhammad Ali Khan were
anxious not to remain in the vicinity of the town on the arrival of Mukhber-
es-Saltaneh. A refusal on their part, when they were so close to Shiraz to
come into town and pay their respects to the Governor-General would have
savoured too strongly of revolt.
The news of
Sardar
Leader of a tribe or a polity; also refers to a military rank or title given to a commander of an army or division.
Ihtisham’s retirement and lack of funds caused the
break up of the Government army at Chenar Kahdar. The famous expedi
tionary force, after absorbing the greater part of 20,000
tomans
10,000 Persian dinars, or a gold coin of that value.
, melted away
without having done anything effective. J
The state of the Shiraz valley after Hassan Khan’s advance to Siakh at
the end of July grew more and more unsatisfactory. The tribal ritiemen,
Kashgai and Khamsek, summoned to form the expeditionary army, were more*
baneful to the Shiraz valley than the marauders they had come to repel.
They robbed freely in and around the city, and their chiefs seemed to have
little control over them. Kawam-ul-Mulk’s restraining influence grew weaker
and weaker. There were several daring assaults on Europeans, for whom the
tribesmen had evidently lost their respect. But for the personally friendly
dispositions of the tribal chiefs in the town towards the Consulate, we might
not have got through the tribal migration without more serious incidents. °As
it was, from the beginning of September I had to warn British subjects not to
remain abroad after sunset. The raids of Hassan Khan’s men from Siakh
resulted in the interruption of the snow supply of the town at the very hottest
period of the year and rendered it dangerous for Europeans or townsmen to
circulate at any distance from the city. This state of affairs continued until
the tribes had passed Shiraz.
As the Koshgais moved southward, the Sarhad route, which had been safe
all the summer, was naturally closed. Several large caravans came down in
the wake of the Governor-General and the squadron of the Central India
Horse withdrawn from Ispahan to Shiraz. Otherwise caravan traffic with
Ispahan has been practically suspended since the middle of September.
!
About this item
- Content
The volume is concerned with the Persian Province of Fars; in particular the maintenance of the order and the authority of the Governor-General. The main focus of discussion is the Gendarmerie (under the command of Swedish officers) and a new local Persian force proposed by the Governor-General. It contains much discussion between British officials over the effectiveness of the Gendarmerie, and the suitability of employing Swedish officers in Persia. There is also discussion over the extent that British support should be provided to the Governor-General's new force, which includes the following: a proposal for the Government of India to supply arms and ammunition, and proposals to appoint a British officer to inspect and advise the new force. There is also consideration over the potential for conflict between the Governor-General's force and the Gendarmerie, and the potential for a negative impact on the latter should a British officer be appointed to the Governor's force.
There is also a great deal of discussion related to the position of the 39 Central India Horse (commanded by Lieutenant-Colonel James Archibald Douglas) at Shiraz and additional infantry supplied to guard the British Consulate there; the discussion centres on whether or not these forces should be withdrawn from Persia. Some limited consideration of 'outrages' committed by Persians against British troops is factored into this discussion. It also includes proposals for withdrawing these forces from Persia via Bushire.
The principal correspondents are as follows: Sir Walter Beaupre Townley, HM Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary A diplomatic representative who ranks below an ambassador. The term can be shortened to 'envoy'. to Persia; Sir Edward Grey, Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs; Sir Walter Alexander Smart, HM Consul, Shiraz; and Sir Percy Zachariah Cox, Political Resident A senior ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul General) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Residency. in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. .
The following can also be found within:
- two copies (on folios 84-87 and 185-188) of a review of the general situation in Fars by Sir W A Smart;
- a note (folios 190-191) from Henry George Chick, Commercial Adviser to the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. Political Residency An office of the East India Company and, later, of the British Raj, established in the provinces and regions considered part of, or under the influence of, British India. , on a possible split between two sections of the Kashkuli Kashgais;
- a proposed answer (folios 132-139) for the Secretary of State for India to a proposed question to be asked by Sir John David Rees in the House of Commons on 13 March 1913;
- a report from Major Kettlewell (folios 109v-111) on the movements of a survey party of the 39th Central India Horse on 11 December 1913, which provides an account of the death of Captain A B Eckford;
- a commendation for Mr J C Smith, Assistant Superintendent of the Indo-European Telegraph, and staff in Fars (folios 182-191).
The French content consists of two programmes for the development of the Gendarmerie submitted by Colonel Hjalmar O Hjalmarson (folios 152-153 and 50-51) dated 29 December 1912 and 13 February 1913 respectively.
Each part includes a divider which gives the subject and part numbers, the year the subject file was opened, the subject heading, and a list of correspondence references contained in that part by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.
- Extent and format
- 1 volume (191 folios)
- Arrangement
The papers within are arranged loosely in reverse chronological order from the front to the rear of the volume.
- Physical characteristics
Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 193; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. side of each folio.
- Written in
- English in Latin script View the complete information for this record
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File 795/1913 'Persia Situation in Fars' [187r] (378/390), British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/L/PS/10/357, in Qatar Digital Library <https://www.qdl.qa/archive/81055/vdc_100028276990.0x0000b3> [accessed 5 May 2024]
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Copyright: How to use this content
- Reference
- IOR/L/PS/10/357
- Title
- File 795/1913 'Persia Situation in Fars'
- Pages
- front, back, spine, edge, head, tail, front-i, 2r:49v, 52r:151v, 154r:192v, back-i
- Author
- East India Company, the Board of Control, the India Office, or other British Government Department
- Usage terms
- Open Government Licence