Skip to item: of 1,004
Information about this record Back to top
Open in Universal viewer
Open in Mirador IIIF viewer

‘File 28/4 Trading with the enemy’ [‎74v] (153/1004)

This item is part of

The record is made up of 1 volume (498 folios). It was created in 24 Nov 1939-4 Jul 1941. It was written in English. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .

Transcription

This transcription is created automatically. It may contain errors.

Apply page layout

(b) Black List.
(i) Effects on neutral firms.
Persons or firms on the Black List will, to all intents and purposes, be treated as
though they were on the Statutory List; the only effective difference will be that they
will not know—
(a) that they have publicly been recognised as enemies;
(b) exactly what action can be taken against them and exactly what steps they can
take to defend themselves from the effects of such action.
Cargoes consigned to firms on the Black List and held for examination, may and often will
be seized and put into the Prize Court. It is therefore essential that the reasons which
originally prompted the Committee to include these firms in the Black List should be good,
since they may have to stand review in the Prize Court.
(ii) Effects on the British exporter.
Whilst it is not a criminal offence for British traders to attempt to trade with firms
upon this list, unless they are enemies within the meaning of the Act, although not so
specified, they will, in fact, be discouraged from doing so, if alternative channels of trade
are believed to be open. Banks can refuse credit to merchants or firms attempting to trade
with black-listed firms, in so far as occasion may have arisen to warn them against dealings
involving such firms.
(c) Suspect List.
(i) Effects on neutral firms.
It cannot be too strongly emphasised that no penalty attaches to a person or firms on
the Suspect List merely by reason of that fact. For instance, person or firms placed on the
Suspect List will in all probability not have their cargoes seized, certainly not by reason
only of their inclusion in this list. The sole purpose of the list is to enable those on it to
be subject to special observation with a view to obtaining concrete evidence of their guilt or
innocence.
(ii) Effects on the British exporter.
W hilst applications for import and export licences will not for this reason be refused,
they will be most carefully scrutinised, as will also goods not subject to licence wdien passing
through the Customs. F B
It will be appreciated, therefore, that great care must be exercised bv His Majesty’s
Missions when submitting names for inclusion in the Statutory and Black Lists, for (apart
from the lisk that disproportionate damage may be done to British as compared with enemy
trade), if a neutral firm or individual experiences unjustifiable loss of trade or inconvenience,
His Majesty s^Government may be involved in acrimonious discussion with neutral govern
ments. The Committee wishes to emphasise, however, that no British firms or individuals
abroad wall be required to cease intercourse with the enemy if by so doina they would expose
themselves to legal proceedings to which they would have' no good defence, but in that case
an application should be made to the Trading with the Enemy Branch for a licence.
In this connection it is worth remarking upon the difference that exists between the
Statutory List and the Black List. If a firm or individual is wrongly included in the
Statutory List, loss and inconvenience are caused to the firm or individuals so designated •
but as the Statutory List is published, the firm or individual can appeal, and if wromdv
included, can have the disability removed. * 1 ’ g >
On the other hand, if an individual or firm is w r rongly included in the Black List which
is not published and should remain confidential, the chances of appeal are thereby reduced
and those of permanent damage to our owm trade correspondingly increased.

About this item

Content

The file comprises copies of printed circulars and notices issued by the British Government, memoranda and letters issued by the Government of India, and copies of correspondence to and from the Political Agency An office of the East India Company and, later, of the British Raj, headed by an agent. in Bahrain, relating to trade with countries and territories regarded as the enemy, or the trade in goods from countries regarded as the enemy, during the Second World War.

The British Government circulars and notices include: multiple copies of the Statutory Rules and Orders booklet, produced by the Board of Trade, entitled Trading with the Enemy: Specified Persons , each copy being an expanded and updated version of its predecessor; the escalating nature of war in Europe throughout 1940 meaning the list of countries regarded as being the enemy (either through joining the war as an Axis power or by being occupied by an Axis power) was continually in need of update. The booklets list, alphabetically by country and by name, those persons (or companies) and their address, regarded as being an enemy. Some booklets record amendments to the list, under the headings of additions, deletions and modifications. The last copy of the booklet in the volume (ff 379-416) details seventy-five pages of companies deemed by the Trading with the Enemy Act (1939) as an enemy (ff 15-17, 71-77, 258); circulars from the Ministry of Economic Warfare, relating to Statutory, Black List and Suspect List policy; a circular from the Ministry of Warfare, February 1940, concerning the Trading with the Enemy Act (1939) in relation to insurance, insurance with enemy companies, and including a list of enemy marine insurance companies (ff 428-438).

Government of India memoranda and correspondence includes: an order, dated 17 June 1940, for the detention of ships bound for ports in the Red Sea (f 144); a notice, dated 21 June 1940, on exports to the Dutch East Indies (f 147); a prohibition, dated 30 June 1940, on all exports to French territory (f 169); a notice, dated 17 April 1940, that goods from Denmark be regarded as of enemy origin (f 175); a warning, dated 21 June 1940, on possible channels used to transport goods to Germany, in particular raw materials, including through the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. (ff 177-179); a memorandum, dated 4 July 1941, announcing the creation of the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. War Trade Bureau, attached to the Commerce Department of the Government of India (ff 480-481).

Correspondence to and from the Political Agency An office of the East India Company and, later, of the British Raj, headed by an agent. in Bahrain includes: a letter from the Political Agent A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency. to the Ruler of Bahrain, Sheikh Ḥamad bin ‘Īsá Āl Khalīfah, dated 13 December 1939, announcing the prohibition in Bahrain of trade with German companies or German goods (ff 10-11); the appointment of the Political Agent A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency. at Bahrain, in December 1939, as Custodian of Enemy Property, under the Bahrain Order in Council A regulation issued by the sovereign of the United Kingdom on the advice of the Privy Council. of 1913 (ff 14, 24); a printed copy of a notice by the Political Resident A senior ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul General) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Residency. in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. , Lieutenant-Colonel Charles Geoffrey Prior, dated 16 November 1939, entitled Trading with the Enemy Regulations made under the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. States (Emergency) Order in Council A regulation issued by the sovereign of the United Kingdom on the advice of the Privy Council. 1939 (ff 41-42); in April 1940, correspondence and official notices concerning trade with Denmark or in Danish goods (ff 80-85, 91-94, 110); in June 1940, correspondence and official notices concerning trade with Italy or in Italian goods (ff 139-140, 148); letters from several merchants in Bahrain, enquiring after the status and whereabouts of Italian goods ordered before Italy’s entry into the war; correspondence and notices relating to trade with French Morocco, Algiers, Tunis, Rumania [Romania], Bulgaria, Hungary and Greece; and general enquiries relating to trade at Bahrain, made by the Political Agent A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency. to the Director of Customs at Bahrain, Claud Cranbrook Lewis deGrenier.

Extent and format
1 volume (498 folios)
Arrangement

The volume’s contents are arranged in approximate chronological order, from the earliest item at the front to the latest at the end. The file notes at the end of the volume (ff 482-496) mirror the chronological arrangement.

Physical characteristics

Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1 and terminates at the back cover with 500; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. side of each folio. Two envelopes which have been attached to f 5 have been labelled f 5A and f 5B respectively. An additional mixed foliation/pagination sequence is also present in parallel between ff 6-481; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.

Pagination: the file notes at the back (ff 482-496) have been paginated using pencil. A number of booklets contained within the file also have original printed pagination sequences.

Written in
English in Latin script
View the complete information for this record

Use and share this item

Share this item
Cite this item in your research

‘File 28/4 Trading with the enemy’ [‎74v] (153/1004), British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/R/15/2/678, in Qatar Digital Library <https://www.qdl.qa/archive/81055/vdc_100029179927.0x00009a> [accessed 10 May 2024]

Link to this item
Embed this item

Copy and paste the code below into your web page where you would like to embed the image.

<meta charset="utf-8"><a href="https://www.qdl.qa/en/archive/81055/vdc_100029179927.0x00009a">‘File 28/4 Trading with the enemy’ [&lrm;74v] (153/1004)</a>
<a href="https://www.qdl.qa/en/archive/81055/vdc_100029179927.0x00009a">
	<img src="https://iiif.qdl.qa/iiif/images/81055/vdc_100000000241.0x000047/IOR_R_15_2_678_0154.jp2/full/!280,240/0/default.jpg" alt="" />
</a>
IIIF details

This record has a IIIF manifest available as follows. If you have a compatible viewer you can drag the icon to load it.https://www.qdl.qa/en/iiif/81055/vdc_100000000241.0x000047/manifestOpen in Universal viewerOpen in Mirador viewerMore options for embedding images

Use and reuse
Download this image