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'HISTORICAL MEMORANDUM ON BAHREIN.' [8v] (16/50)
The record is made up of 1 file (25 folios). It was created in 14 Jul 1934. It was written in English. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .
Transcription
This transcription is created automatically. It may contain errors.
14
F.O. to Teh.
No. 38 of
7.8 1845.
Lor. I, 877.
Lor. I, 877.
Lor. I, 880.
Persia; that the employment in English of the term
“
Persian Gulf
The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran.
” was itself evidence of this; that from
about 1300 A.D. the island of Bahrein had always been
in the possession of the Governors of Ears and had paid
revenue to them until its conquest in 1783 by the Uttabi
Arabs, from which tribe “itself, likewise, presents have
generally been sent to the Governors of Ears ” ; that Her
Majesty’s Government had recognised the position when
they warned Mehemet Ali of Egypt in 1840 not to attack
Bahrein, which did not form part of Arabia, but rather of
the
Persian Gulf
The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran.
; “ and that accordingly the British Govern
ment would not allow him to extend the hand of possession
over that island ’’; that the British authorities had formally
and repeatedly asked Persia to rent the island to them and
that British representatives at Tehran had frequently
declared that Her Majesty’s Government had no right what
ever to the Gulf or its islands [there is no foundation for
either statement]; and that the fact that Captain Bruce’s
treaty was on record supported the Persian claim. The
following extract, which (except as regards the initial date)
appears correctly to represent the true facts, may, however,
be placed on record from the Prime Minister’s memorandum :
“ In the commencement of the reign of His Majesty the late
Shah, the Arabs of Beni Attabi came from the desert and
conquered the island by sea. The object and desire of the
Persian Government has since always been and is the
recovery of that island from its spoilers.”
49. Her Majesty’s Government, in view of the unlikeli
hood that Persia had, or could give effect to, any serious
designs in Bahrein and the undesirability of engaging in
those circumstances in a correspondence which might merely
cause irritation without serving any useful purpose,
instructed the Minister at Tehran not to revert to the
subject unless it was forced upon him by the Persian Prime
Minister. In that case he was to employ certain arguments
supplied to him (apparently the critical comments of the
Secret Committee
Pre-1784, the Committee responsible for protecting East India Company shipping. Post-1784, its main role was to transmit communications between the Board of Control and the Company's Indian governments on matters requiring secrecy.
of the East India Company on the Prime
Minister’s memorandum) to show generally the grounds on
which Her Majesty’s Government were “ unable to recognise
as valid the claims advanced by Persia to the sovereignty of
Bahrein, and you may add that they would . . . very much
disapprove of any attempts on the part of Persia to interfere
in the affairs of that island and thus disturb the peace of
the Gulf and to afford an opening to piracy.” The question
appears to have dropped for the time being.
Treaty of Peace with Wahabis, to whom Bahrein pays
Tribute (1847).
50. Meanwhile, the ex-Sheikh (who in 1845 had unsuccess
fully attempted to capture Bahrein with the aid of the
Wahabis) had been invited in June 1846 by the Governor-
General of Ears to return to Bushire, where he should be
liberally entertained “ until ... the season for action had
arrived,” but he declined the invitation. In October 1846
the Wahabi Amir asked the permission of the Resident to
call in the Trucial Sheikhs of the Arab littoral against
Bahrein. This was refused. A request by the ruling Sheikh
of Bahrein to be allowed to call in the assistance of the
Sheikh of Debai against the Wahabis w T as equally refused in
November 1846. In August 1847 a Treaty of Peace was
concluded between the Wahabi Amir and the ruling Sheikh,
under which the ruling Sheikh agreed to pay a tribute of
4,000 dollars a year, while the Wahabi Amir agreed not to
encourage the ex-Sheikh.
Slavery Treaty with Great Britain, 1847.
51. On the 8 th March 1847 Her Majesty’s Government
entered into a Slavery Treaty with the ruling Sheikh.
About this item
- Content
A memorandum by John Gilbert Laithwaite, India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. , describing the history of Bahrein [Bahrain] with a focus on the political status of the islands at various periods; the claims to sovereignty over them put forward by Persia at various dates since 1783; and the correspondence and discussions which have taken place in connection with such claims.
The memorandum begins with a brief description of the geography of Bahrain and continues with a series of summaries of historical events between the years 1783 and 1934. The summaries provide accounts of, inter alia, British punitive expeditions in 1868 and 1869, details of Exclusive Agreements signed by the Government of Bahrain and the British Government in 1880 and 1892, and the Anglo-Turkish Convention of 1913. A conclusion provides a summary of assertions of sovereignty over Bahrain, a review of the basis of Persian claims, and the attitude of the British Government between 1820 and 1934.
- Extent and format
- 1 file (25 folios)
- Arrangement
This file consists of a single document, comprising an index (f 1), thirteen sections (ff 2-20), and a conclusion at the end (ff 20-24).
- Physical characteristics
Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 25; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. side of each folio. Pagination: the volume also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
- Written in
- English in Latin script View the complete information for this record
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Copyright: How to use this content
- Reference
- IOR/L/PS/18/B436
- Title
- 'HISTORICAL MEMORANDUM ON BAHREIN.'
- Pages
- front, front-i, 2r:24v, back-i, back
- Author
- East India Company, the Board of Control, the India Office, or other British Government Department
- Usage terms
- Open Government Licence