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'A handbook of Turkey in Europe (London: Intelligence Division, Admiralty; 1917)' [34v] (73/348)
The record is made up of 1 volume (170 folios). It was created in 1917. It was written in English. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .
Transcription
This transcription is created automatically. It may contain errors.
64
ETHNOLOGY AND LANGUAGES
Turkish
Turkish is a Mongol or Tatar language, originating in Eastern
Asia, and it is quite unlike the majority of European languages.
It belongs to the so-called ‘ agglutinative ’ group of languages,
i. e. the words are not inflected as in Latin or German, but
differences of case, tense, or mood are expressed by the accu
mulation at the end of a word of one or more independent
syllables. It is a stately and harmonious language, regular
in its construction, and attuned to the gravity of its speakers.
Like English, it contains a large admixture of foreign elements,
especially Persian and Arabic, but the language spoken by
the common people is much purer than the written language.
The language has shown a tendency towards simplification
and modernization, and the ponderous and inflated diction
formerly obtaining has been abandoned. The Turks use the
Arabic characters, but Greeks and Armenians write Turkish
in Greek or Armenian characters, and newspapers and books
are printed in those characters. It is easy to acquire a fair
knowledge of colloquial Turkish, but difficult to learn to read
and write the literary language.
Greek
There is a distinct ‘ Constantinopolitan ’ dialect of Modern
Greek, but the ‘ demotike glossa ’, or common language which
is spoken by educated people in Greece and taught in the
Greek schools in Turkey is understood by the Greeks of
European Turkey, and spoken by many of them. As a rule,
the Greek dialects in Turkey are being superseded by the
‘ demotike gldssa ’, and many Greeks who use some dialect in
their homes converse with strangers in the more polished
idiom.
Englishmen who know some ancient Greek easily acquire
a knowledge of the modern language. The main differences
between the Greek of Demosthenes and the modern ‘ demotike ’
are the changed pronunciation of some of the vowels and
consonants, the breaking down of the ancient system of in-
About this item
- Content
Copy of 'A handbook of Turkey in Europe, prepared on behalf of the Admiralty , Admiralty War Staff, Intelligence Division, January 1917.'
The volume contains thirteen photographic plates (folios 99-106) and a map (folio 171).
Contents (folio 6):
Section I
- I. Boundaries and Physical Features, p 9 (f 7);
- II. Climate, p 27 (f 16);
- III. Modern History, p 34 (f 19v);
- IV. Ethnology and Languages, p 49 (f 27);
- V. Religions, p 66 (f 35v);
- VI. Government and Administration, p 96 (f 50v);
- VII. Turkish Social Life, p 114 (f 59v);
- VIII. Economic Geography and Finance, p 142 (f 73v);
- IX. Chief Towns, p 166 (f 85v);
- X. Money, Weights and Measures, the Calendar, p 185 (f 95).
Section II. Itineraries.
- Roads, p 193(f 107);
- Railways, p 276 (f 148v).
Index, p 307 (f 164).
- Extent and format
- 1 volume (170 folios)
- Arrangement
The volume contains a table of contents at folio 6, and an index at folios 164-170.
- Physical characteristics
Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the inside front cover with 1 and terminates at the inside back cover with 172; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. side of each folio. An original pagination sequence is present in parallel between ff 7-170.
- Written in
- English in Latin script View the complete information for this record
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'A handbook of Turkey in Europe (London: Intelligence Division, Admiralty; 1917)' [34v] (73/348), British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/L/MIL/17/16/17, in Qatar Digital Library <https://www.qdl.qa/archive/81055/vdc_100034200923.0x00004a> [accessed 5 May 2024]
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Copyright: How to use this content
- Reference
- IOR/L/MIL/17/16/17
- Title
- 'A handbook of Turkey in Europe (London: Intelligence Division, Admiralty; 1917)'
- Pages
- front, back, spine, edge, head, tail, front-i, 2r:98v, 107r:170v, back-i
- Author
- East India Company, the Board of Control, the India Office, or other British Government Department
- Usage terms
- Open Government Licence