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File 10/12 Tribal and desert information: Ikhwan raids; Motor Transport Concession, Kuwait/Basra; Ikhwan rebellion, 1927 [‎90r] (179/646)

The record is made up of 1 file (321 folios). It was created in 7 Jan 1925-31 Dec 1927. It was written in English and Arabic. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .

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ON DNTENSIVE 0PEIU f i?I0N3 AGAINST TNS AKE'JM
/ IN TEH 1924-1923.
PART I. NAHHATIVE.
SECTION I>SUin,IAl^Y OF EVENTS UP ‘TO DEGELiBER 25 th I 924 .
1. HOSTILITIES BEi] 7EBN I BN RASHID AND IBN SAND.
previous to and during the world war, the centre of ^raBia
was divided into two principalities, the northerly, that
of HAIL, under IBN RAOHID, was contiguous to the frontier
of IRAQ. The Southerly was governed By ABDUL A2IZ IBN
SAND.
In the summer of 1920, IBN SAUD finally captured
the town of HAIL and overthrew the principality of IBN
RASHID. Prom this time onwards the frontiers of his
WAHHABI state marched with those of IRAQ*
2 .

THE AKH.7AN SEEN. PRESH FIELDS.
periodical raiding has lo#g Been the custon of the Bedouins
of CENTRAL ARABIA. The overthrow of IBN RASHID left
the northern triBes of Central A^aBia 'Without an objective
excepting the subjects of IRA^# Panaticsm was added to
greed as an incentive to the AKHITAN to raid the IRAQ
tribes, owing to the difference in their religious sect.
The nearest IRAQ triBes were SHIAHS, the people of
CENTRAL ARABIa were fanatical WAHHABIS, calling themselves
AKHITAN (the Brethren).
TRIBES OP THE PRONTIER AREA .
T .7hile the tribe of CENTRAL ARABIA are invariably owhers
of camels, those nomads which own allegiance to the
IRAQ are of two classes.
(a) Pure Bedouins. These men are entirely camel
owners and spend nearly the whole year in the high desert*
They also form potential raiders. Being camel i*ji tim'i'u

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Content

This file contains correspondence related to the British Government's relationship with Ibn Sa'ud [‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd].

The correspondence primarily relates to raids that were made into Iraq and Kuwait by Ikhwan forces and associated acts of livestock plunder and killing. As such, the file contains two reports regarding these raids that were submitted to the Political Agency An office of the East India Company and, later, of the British Raj, headed by an agent. in Kuwait by the Senior Staff Officer of the Akhwan Defence, a British force that had been established to counter the threat of Ikhwan raids into Iraq and monitor their movements (folios 40-47 and 84-130).

The file also contains correspondence that relates to discussions concerning the construction of a paved road (for the use of motor vehicles) between Southern Iraq and Kuwait. A copy of a concession for its construction that was granted to Sayyid Hamid bin Rajab al-Naqib by the Ruler of Kuwait, Shaikh Ahmad al-Jaber al-Sabah, is contained in Arabic (folios 67-69) and English (folios 72-75). In this context, the file contains descriptions written by the Political Agent A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency. in Kuwait, Major James Carmichael More, of a number of different routes between Southern Iraq and Kuwait at the time. These descriptions are as follows:

  • Jafrah to Safwan (in English, folios 49-53 and Arabic, folios 59-62);
  • Kuwait to Basrah via Basrah and then direct to Safwan (folios 54-57);
  • Jahrah to Zubair (folios 137-146).

Towards the end of the file, the correspondence in the file discusses reports of the tensions between the Ikhwan and Ibn Sa'ud and the beginning of the Ikhwan revolt.

As well as correspondence between British officials, correspondence between Political Agent A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency. More and the Ruler of Kuwait, Shaikh Ahmad al-Jaber al-Sabah (in Arabic with English translations) appears throughout the file.

Extent and format
1 file (321 folios)
Arrangement

The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the front to the rear of the file.

An index of topics discussed is contained at the rear of the file (on folios 322-323); the folios used in this index relate to an earlier incomplete foliation system that is in uncircled pencil in the top right corner of the recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. side of each folio.

Physical characteristics

Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 323; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located at the top right corner of the recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 1-323; these numbers are also written in pencil and circled, but are crossed through.

Written in
English and Arabic in Latin and Arabic script
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File 10/12 Tribal and desert information: Ikhwan raids; Motor Transport Concession, Kuwait/Basra; Ikhwan rebellion, 1927 [‎90r] (179/646), British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/R/15/5/38, in Qatar Digital Library <https://www.qdl.qa/archive/81055/vdc_100035873421.0x0000b4> [accessed 21 July 2026]

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