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Coll 30/90 'Persian claim to the island of Bahrain' [‎406r] (824/1062)

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The record is made up of 1 file in 3 parts (519 folios). It was created in 25 May 1934-23 Sep 1948. It was written in English and French. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .

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3
Persian relations with the islands were for a substantial
number of years interrupted by Portuguese occupation of
or overlordship over them. It is, however, clear that Persk
durfue- the a 30 V T Sal WaS ' m effe ® tive control of the islands
hv rtf a , 30 /t ars Pf 1 ? 1 ' to ‘he expulsion of the Persians
by tne Arabs of the mainland in 1783.
III.-—1783-1820. From the Expulsion of the Persians to the
conclusion of the Treaty of 1830 with His Majesty’s Government.
Bahrein pays Tribute to Persia, 1799.
. i M A° jeC ! S A the Persian Government for the re-
fsOO M? ° f ? al r h ° rity T in 1 Bahrein bet «’ e eH 1783 and
, , d ' d not materialise. In 1799 the Imam of Museat
declared war on the Uttabis of Bahrein, who, alarmed bv his
pioceedmgs opened a correspondence with the Persian
Governor of Bushire, m the course of which they stated that
the isiand originally belonged to the Turkish Government
ut that it was many—about 70—years since the Turks had
SbuturvTr 0 * ° f "• 6 0,1 bcif offering to become hor. I, 841.
tributary to Persia, proceeded privately to Bahrein and
received trom them an instalment of revenue on account of
the preceding year.
Muscat occupies and loses Bahrein, 1800-01.
m 7> In 181)0 Bahrem i wa « occupied by the Imam of
Muscat, the occupation lasting until 1801, when the Muscat
forces were invested by the Dttabis and compelled to
surrender and evacuate Bahrein. In 1802 the Imam of
Muscat, having obtained some assistance from Bushire
again landed in Bahrein and attacked the Uttabis. The
latter, had, however, by now secured the support of the
Waha 01 rulers of Central Arabia and the Muscat project
was abandoned. 1 J
Bahrein under Wahabi influence, 1803-11.
8. biom 1803 to 1809 the Uttabis of Bahrein appear to
have been under the influence of the Wahabis.; (the Bombay
Government declined to take action on an enquiry made by
them, in 1805 as to whether, if they withdrew from the
Arabian mainland and withheld their assistance from the br. of I.
Wahabis, the British Government would give them a ship or Desp ‘ No - 18
two to enable them to remain undisturbed at Bahrein) and ^f 70 ’
they weie undei strict control by the Wahabi Government Lor.1,842-3
during 1810-11.
Dispute with Muscat, 1816.
Persian Envoy to Bahrein, 1816-17.
9. In 1811 the islands were freed from Wahabi rule by
the Imam of Muscat, when the Uttabis were restored to
power, though according to a claim subsequently made by
by the Imam, in subordination to Muscat. In 1816 the
Uttabis sought the protection of the Wahabi rulers of
Central Arabia, and the Imam of Muscat undertook an armed
expedition against Bahrein, explaining to the British authori
ties that he was compelled so to act by the repudiation by
the Attabis of bis suzerainty, which they had admitted in
1811, by their alliance with the Wahabis and bv their
piratical practices. The Muscat expedition, to which three
Bushire vessels were added by the Persian Government,
effected a landing in the summer of 1816, but was signally
repulsed and withdrew. Unsuccessful negotiations took
place later in the same year between Muscat and the Persian Bo. Sel.,
Government with a view to a fresh attempt on Bahrein. ^XIV, 372.
Subsequently, but apparently in the same year, a Persian
emissary, one Sikander Khan, arrived in Bahrein, who
this was, of comse, incorrect, turkey does not appear to have
held the island since 1559 and then only for a few months.

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Content

The file concerns the claim of the Government of Iran (generally referred to as the Government of Persia) to territorial sovereignty over Bahrein [Bahrain].

The papers include: the Iranian claim in the light of the Bahrain oil concession; representations by the Government of Iran to the League of Nations, and the involvement of League in the dispute; summary of diplomatic correspondence, 1927-29 (folios 506-511); India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. 'Historical Memorandum on Bahrein', dated 14 July 1934 - a historical summary of the political status of Bahrain, and Persian claims to sovereignty; the submission of the question by the India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. to the Law Officers of the Crown, 1934 (folios 466-472), and the report of the Law Officers of the Crown (folios 400-403), stating their opinion that Persia had no rights of sovereignty or suzerainty over Bahrain; the view of the Foreign Office (subsequently adopted) that references in public pronouncements to the independence of Bahrain needed to be qualified by the statement that the ruler was 'in special treaty relations with His Majesty's Government' (folios 378-380); the status of Tamb and Abu Musa (folio 361); the imposition of Iranian import duty on aviation oil supplied to Bahrain (folios 315-316); the views of the Political Resident A senior ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul General) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Residency. in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. on the dangers of submitting the question to international arbitration (folios 308-314); similarities to the dispute between the United States of America (USA) and the Netherlands over Palmas Island [Miangas or Palmas, Indonesia] (e.g. folios 306-307); the views of the Government of Saudi Arabia (folios 268-270); the issue of passports and visas; transcripts of articles in support of the Iranian position in the Iranian and Arabic language press; the effect of the Bahrain nationality and property laws; Italian propaganda in support of the Iranian claim (folio 243); comparison with the Falkland Islands (folio 210); the refusal of the Iranian postal authorities to accept mails from Bahrain (folio 186); the involvement of the United Nations Organisation; Foreign Office 'Memorandum on Bahrein', dated 13 January 1947, substantially based on the India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. 'Historical Memorandum on Bahrein' of 1934 (folios 97-126); Soviet propaganda over Bahrain (folio 57); the presence in Tehran of a person claiming to represent the Bahrain National Party (folios 50-54); and correspondence dated 1948 concerning the size and position of the Persian community in Bahrain, including a letter on the subject from Charles Dalrymple Belgrave, Adviser to the Government of Bahrain (folios 25-37).

The file contains significant correspondence from the Foreign Office, HM Minister, Tehran (later the British Ambassador to Tehran), and the Political Resident A senior ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul General) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Residency. in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. .

The French language content of the file consists of approximately thirty folios of diplomatic correspondence and newspaper extracts.

The file also contains copies of earlier correspondence, dated 1927-31.

The file includes a divider, which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.

Extent and format
1 file in 3 parts (519 folios)
Arrangement

The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the rear to the front of the file.

Physical characteristics

Foliation: this file consists of three physical parts. The foliation sequence commences at the front cover of part one with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover of part three with 525; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 2-524; these numbers are printed, but are not circled.

Written in
English and French in Latin script
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Coll 30/90 'Persian claim to the island of Bahrain' [‎406r] (824/1062), British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/L/PS/12/3810, in Qatar Digital Library <https://www.qdl.qa/archive/81055/vdc_100059426987.0x000019> [accessed 5 May 2024]

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