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Coll 6/8(1) 'Printed Series: 1929 to 1938.' [‎281r] (566/1062)

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The record is made up of 1 volume (527 folios). It was created in 6 Jan 1929-15 Jan 1938. It was written in English and French. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .

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TO TElFi
l
12 )
k
the
1 Miflpi.
tance, Ffe
public dance in front of them. He was most graceful and he twirls a sword
very prettily. He wore an agreeable smile, though it became a little set
as the afternoon wore on—it is said that he collapsed at the end of the
similar dance in ilecca. Altogether he showed to infinitely greater advant
age than when he is conducting the foreign business of his country.
4. All the participants in th ft dance were N'jdis. The infantrymen of
the regular, army, most of whom Cc»me fiom that country intimated
a wish to join in alter they had gone through thrir new-fangled European
tricks. The King graciously accorded permission. Next day it was
announced that the people of Jedda had expressed a desire to show what
they could do in the way of a display. The King left Mr. Philby’s party on
February 28 somewhat early because be had p omised to return to the Palace
for this Jeddavi performance. I understand that it vas on the same lines
as the Nejdi display, although less formal. After that the habit of making
processions to the Palace with drums, singing and dancing appeared to grow
on the people of Jfidda and there were two or three demonstrations of the kind
during the remainder of the King’s stay, including one on March 5, when
the lead was said to have been taken by the Hadrawis and several gay
parties running to many hundred people in all surged past my house on their
way back from th^ Palace.
5. On March 2, Mr. Philby gave me his version of the dancing at Mecca.
It began more or less by accident, he said. On the first day of the festival
a crowd of Meccans made a popular demonstration before the palace there.
It was doubtful how the King would take it a question whether he would
say ? as it were “ Off with their heads ! ” or “On with the dance ! ” The
King was in a good humour and received the demonstration graciously.
Then his Nejdis said, “ Let ns have our national dancing too ” and the
King assented. When he saw it he was so carried away that he himself
joined in. It was a brave sight, said Mr. Philby, to see how the others
clustered round until the King was the centre of a thousand men or so, each
with his sword in the air. Sword-play, the firing of guns and pistols and the
beating of drums are a feature of all these dances.
6. The Mecca “ Umm-al-Qura ” of February 27 records the performance
at Mecca in an article headed “ The speech of the Sword . It makes no
mention of anything having happened on the first day of the festival but
says that on the second the King held a review of his Bedouin troops,
in which the Princes joined ; and that the King threw off ins clock, drew
his sword and played with it too, “ remembering the old days of his lights .
The writer The lowest of the four classes into which East India Company civil servants were divided. A Writer’s duties originally consisted mostly of copying documents and book-keeping. descrih s this swoid play an a voiceless speech, because every
g ance and gesture of the King meant many things.
7. The King himself mentioned in my hearing at one of the functions m
Jedda that the Nejdi war detnee was a revival, the custom having been m
abeyance for over fifteen years. Mr. Philby s version cf ^ ^ . w a{ i;
trations ignores the fact that there had been an organised ^
Fatma on January 9, but he too says that these things ar f p t vears
old practice and be puts the period of discontinuance at ahou y y *
This brings me to my reason for describing an official
despatch what so far reads merely like a record of the pi^ q
8. Ibn Sa’ud started the organisation of
about 1912. They were clearly designed Tho rebels
fighting forces fanned to zeal by the present Wa js difficult
of 1929 turned a portion of this instrument again j ue ®' { t i ie Akhwan
to judge how far the revolt permanently impair rebels was that the
as J a military machine b '^ ^^ue to the latent that, as
King had ceased to be a good \\ ahabi. r - eg w ith modern progress
he has risen, he has had to make many co geeg in pig toleration and
and some with less rigid forms of I indication of his desire to
encouragement of the repent manifestations t g ^ ^ ,. hinga re pugnent to
ride on a lesser ram a section °£ ms s d 1 { th drum for instence.
the true Wahhabi of the old school, the music ot me ui
mi r,i

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Content

This volume compiles printed copies of letters, telegrams, memoranda and newspaper extracts relating to Britain's involvement across the Arabian Peninsula during the period 1929-1938. Whilst the correspondence encompasses all matters concerning British interests in the region, much of it relates to Ibn Saud [‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd] and the Kingdom of the Hejaz and Nejd (later Saudi Arabia). Matters discussed in the correspondence include the following:

  • Reports of unrest in the Hejaz.
  • Relations between Imam Yeha Hamid-Ud-Din [Yaḥyá Muḥammad Ḥamīd al-Dīn, Imam of Yemen] and Ibn Saud.
  • Reports of raids and arms trafficking on the Transjordan Used in three contexts: the geographical region to the east of the River Jordan (literally ‘across the River Jordan’); a British protectorate (1921-46); an independent political entity (1946-49) now known as Jordan -Nejd frontier.
  • Reports of the proceedings of British naval ships in the Red Sea.
  • Details of the Akhwan [Ikhwan] revolt against Ibn Saud, including the movements of one of the revolt's leaders, Faisal Dawish [Fayṣal bin Sulṭān al-Dawīsh], and his surrender to the British in Kuwait.
  • Relations between Kuwait and Nejd.
  • Relations between Iraq and Nejd, including a proposed meeting between Ibn Saud and King Faisal [Fayṣal] of Iraq, and reports of a treaty of alliance between Iraq and Saudi Arabia.
  • Objections from the Hejaz Government to Royal Air Force aircraft flying over Nejd territory.
  • The purchase of arms by the Hejaz Government from Poland.
  • Ibn Saud's annexation of Asir.
  • The death of King Hussein [Ḥusayn bin ‘Alī al-Hāshimī].
  • Harry St John Bridger Philby's conversion to Islam, his mapping of Rub-al-Khali, and his reported spreading of Saudi propaganda in the Aden Protectorate.
  • The currency exchange crisis in the Hejaz-Nejd and the financial situation in the kingdom generally.
  • Reports on a survey of the water and mineral content of the Hejaz coastal area.
  • Relations between Soviet Russia and Saudi Arabia.
  • The emigration of Jews from Yemen to Palestine, via Aden.
  • British fears that Italy might harbour ambitions to annex Yemen.
  • Saudi oil concessions.
  • Italian-Saudi relations.

Prominent correspondents include the following: the British Agent (later His Majesty's Chargé d’Affaires) at Jeddah; His Majesty's Minister at Jeddah; the High Commissioner for Egypt; the High Commissioner for Iraq; the High Commissioner for Transjordan Used in three contexts: the geographical region to the east of the River Jordan (literally ‘across the River Jordan’); a British protectorate (1921-46); an independent political entity (1946-49) now known as Jordan ; the Political Agent A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency. , Kuwait; the Political Resident A senior ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul General) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Residency. (later Chief Commissioner, and later still, Governor), Aden; the Political Resident A senior ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul General) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Residency. in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. ; His Majesty's Ambassador to Iraq; His Majesty's Ambassador to Italy; the Secretary of State for the Colonies; the Minister (and Acting Minister) for Foreign Affairs for the Kingdom of the Hejaz and Nejd (later Saudi Arabia); Ibn Saud; King Feisal of Iraq; the Prime Minister of Iraq; various officials of the Colonial Office, the Foreign Office, the Air Ministry, and the Admiralty.

The French material in the volume consists of several items of correspondence and a copy of a treaty between France and Yemen, which was signed in April 1936.

The volume includes a divider which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the volume by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.

Extent and format
1 volume (527 folios)
Arrangement

The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the rear to the front of the volume.

The items of correspondence are divided (roughly) into various sections. Each extract or item of correspondence within these sections has its own number, which is enclosed in brackets. These numbers proceed in ascending (and approximate chronological) order from left to right; however, the sections themselves proceed in reverse, from the rear to the front of the volume, in distinct groups (e.g. for 1929 numbers 1-23, which are located at folios 517-526, are followed by numbers 24-49 at folios 509-516, which are then followed by numbers 50-89 at folios 494-508, and so on).

Physical characteristics

Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 529; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. side of each folio.

Pagination: each section of correspondence within the volume (as described in the arrangement field) has its own pagination sequence.

Written in
English and French in Latin script
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Coll 6/8(1) 'Printed Series: 1929 to 1938.' [‎281r] (566/1062), British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/L/PS/12/2071, in Qatar Digital Library <https://www.qdl.qa/archive/81055/vdc_100061765165.0x0000a7> [accessed 23 April 2024]

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