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Coll 6/8(1) 'Printed Series: 1929 to 1938.' [‎416r] (836/1062)

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The record is made up of 1 volume (527 folios). It was created in 6 Jan 1929-15 Jan 1938. It was written in English and French. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .

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possession of Nejd, but his position was weak and he appealed to Mubarak
for assistance against his rival Bin Rashid. The Mu (air however refused to
march and Mubarak attacked them in person with the Ajman, inflicted a
salutary lesson upon them and ordered them back to Jahra. Having regained
control Mubarak ordered both the Ajman and the Mutair to march to Bin
Sand’s aid and a battle occurred at Jarab between Bin Saud’s forces and those
of Bin Rashid. At this battle the Ajman and Bin Saud’s c Hatari ’ forces
were on the left and the Mutair on the right. Bin Saud’s left wing was
broken owing, according to Bin Sand, to treachery on the part of the Ajman,
but the situation wns saved to some extent by the Mutair on the right. On
the whole however the honours were with Bin Rashid and Bin Saud was
compelled to retire to Nejd. It was at this battle that Captain Shakespaie
was killed.
5 . The Ajman in company wdth some of Bin Saud’s other tribes then
went off to Central Hasa and Bin Saud again appealed to Mubarak for
assistance. As usual Mubarak responded, and sent the Mutair under his own
sons to attack them, sending word at the same time to Bin Saud to join forces
with them. The latter, however, while the Kuwait forces were waiting for
him marched to the South of the Ajman and offered them peace under the
most binding oath, the oath of God. They accepted, but directly they had
done so Bin Saud attacked them in the night: he was however utterly
defeated : his brother was killed, he himself was hit in the leg, and compelled
to flee to Hoffuf. It was some days hofore the Kuwait forces heard what had
happened : when they did so they retired to Kuwait, w r here a family council
was held. Mubarak was so disgusted at Bin Saud’s act of perfidy that he was
for leaving him to his fate : Jabir and Salim however were for continuing to
belt) him and finally a small force of 400 horsemen under Jabir and Ahmad,
the present Shaikh, were despatched to Hoffuf. There they found ^ Bin Saud
besieo-ed in two small forts, the town itself being in the hands of tne Ajman.
The & small Kuwait force could obviously not overcome the Ajman but ior
70 days they carried on a guerilla warfare against them, being joined, but
only just towards the end, by the Beni Hajir, one of Bin Saud s tribes, while
Bi/ Saud himself lay inactive and made no sorties. Ihe Kuwait forces
however inflicted numerous casualties on the Ajman, and the latter, wearied
of the o* a me finally withdrew to Ritha near Jubail. Bin Saud and the Kuwait
forces "followed them up and were preparing to attack when orders were
received from Mubarak to cease operations as the Ajman had ten ^ ied
submission to him ; peace was concluded and Mubarak ordered the Ajman
Wk to Safwan, while Bin Saud returned to Nejd, Jabir and Ahmad to
Kuwait. While en route for Kuwait news was received of Mubarak s death,
and Jabir reigned in his stead.
6 It was now that Bin Saud began to preach the extreme tenets of
w w,i ■ and the Ikhwan movement really started, and Dawish announced
S erttou of io ning t aud went off with the Mutair Jabir however only
reigned forgone year and died of plague : no part.cular xncxdent occurred
between Kuwait and Nejd during this period.
7 Tahir was succeeded by Salim : that much of the present friction between
7 , V.+lTfrnm this neriod cannot be denied. Salim was stupid
Kuwait and Nejd dates trom this penoa ca^ ^ ^ and the Awazim
and obstinate an' w 011 M u tair The defection of his tribes was a sore point
soon after followed the Mutaiu ineaei ct growing power
with Salim and he showed 1 d tle , t . a n 0t r “, hls 11 “ ea t 1 “ o t he walls of Kuwait. Two
of Nejd while Bin Saud claime ^ P gaUm was de f eat ed by
battles occurred : one at , ^ here Salim beat off Dawish’s attack.
Dawish himself, and /“^^llf^dsho^d P™ceed on a mission to
Knally.it was arranged th tS of outstan ding matters. While
Nejd with a view to e h ec ^ » q r . , death. Shaikh Ahmad was welcomed
en route news was rece.ved >- eon atulated him 0 n his accession, and it
^VSy^ttt “s ^

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Content

This volume compiles printed copies of letters, telegrams, memoranda and newspaper extracts relating to Britain's involvement across the Arabian Peninsula during the period 1929-1938. Whilst the correspondence encompasses all matters concerning British interests in the region, much of it relates to Ibn Saud [‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd] and the Kingdom of the Hejaz and Nejd (later Saudi Arabia). Matters discussed in the correspondence include the following:

  • Reports of unrest in the Hejaz.
  • Relations between Imam Yeha Hamid-Ud-Din [Yaḥyá Muḥammad Ḥamīd al-Dīn, Imam of Yemen] and Ibn Saud.
  • Reports of raids and arms trafficking on the Transjordan Used in three contexts: the geographical region to the east of the River Jordan (literally ‘across the River Jordan’); a British protectorate (1921-46); an independent political entity (1946-49) now known as Jordan -Nejd frontier.
  • Reports of the proceedings of British naval ships in the Red Sea.
  • Details of the Akhwan [Ikhwan] revolt against Ibn Saud, including the movements of one of the revolt's leaders, Faisal Dawish [Fayṣal bin Sulṭān al-Dawīsh], and his surrender to the British in Kuwait.
  • Relations between Kuwait and Nejd.
  • Relations between Iraq and Nejd, including a proposed meeting between Ibn Saud and King Faisal [Fayṣal] of Iraq, and reports of a treaty of alliance between Iraq and Saudi Arabia.
  • Objections from the Hejaz Government to Royal Air Force aircraft flying over Nejd territory.
  • The purchase of arms by the Hejaz Government from Poland.
  • Ibn Saud's annexation of Asir.
  • The death of King Hussein [Ḥusayn bin ‘Alī al-Hāshimī].
  • Harry St John Bridger Philby's conversion to Islam, his mapping of Rub-al-Khali, and his reported spreading of Saudi propaganda in the Aden Protectorate.
  • The currency exchange crisis in the Hejaz-Nejd and the financial situation in the kingdom generally.
  • Reports on a survey of the water and mineral content of the Hejaz coastal area.
  • Relations between Soviet Russia and Saudi Arabia.
  • The emigration of Jews from Yemen to Palestine, via Aden.
  • British fears that Italy might harbour ambitions to annex Yemen.
  • Saudi oil concessions.
  • Italian-Saudi relations.

Prominent correspondents include the following: the British Agent (later His Majesty's Chargé d’Affaires) at Jeddah; His Majesty's Minister at Jeddah; the High Commissioner for Egypt; the High Commissioner for Iraq; the High Commissioner for Transjordan Used in three contexts: the geographical region to the east of the River Jordan (literally ‘across the River Jordan’); a British protectorate (1921-46); an independent political entity (1946-49) now known as Jordan ; the Political Agent A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency. , Kuwait; the Political Resident A senior ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul General) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Residency. (later Chief Commissioner, and later still, Governor), Aden; the Political Resident A senior ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul General) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Residency. in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. ; His Majesty's Ambassador to Iraq; His Majesty's Ambassador to Italy; the Secretary of State for the Colonies; the Minister (and Acting Minister) for Foreign Affairs for the Kingdom of the Hejaz and Nejd (later Saudi Arabia); Ibn Saud; King Feisal of Iraq; the Prime Minister of Iraq; various officials of the Colonial Office, the Foreign Office, the Air Ministry, and the Admiralty.

The French material in the volume consists of several items of correspondence and a copy of a treaty between France and Yemen, which was signed in April 1936.

The volume includes a divider which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the volume by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.

Extent and format
1 volume (527 folios)
Arrangement

The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the rear to the front of the volume.

The items of correspondence are divided (roughly) into various sections. Each extract or item of correspondence within these sections has its own number, which is enclosed in brackets. These numbers proceed in ascending (and approximate chronological) order from left to right; however, the sections themselves proceed in reverse, from the rear to the front of the volume, in distinct groups (e.g. for 1929 numbers 1-23, which are located at folios 517-526, are followed by numbers 24-49 at folios 509-516, which are then followed by numbers 50-89 at folios 494-508, and so on).

Physical characteristics

Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 529; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. side of each folio.

Pagination: each section of correspondence within the volume (as described in the arrangement field) has its own pagination sequence.

Written in
English and French in Latin script
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Coll 6/8(1) 'Printed Series: 1929 to 1938.' [‎416r] (836/1062), British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/L/PS/12/2071, in Qatar Digital Library <https://www.qdl.qa/archive/81055/vdc_100061765167.0x000025> [accessed 25 April 2024]

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