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Coll 6/8(1) 'Printed Series: 1929 to 1938.' [‎476v] (957/1062)

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The record is made up of 1 volume (527 folios). It was created in 6 Jan 1929-15 Jan 1938. It was written in English and French. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .

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other side the rebels are also believed to be well armed but one may i n f
from the deputations and appeals to the Sheikh of Koweit and their anxi t
to avail themselves of the Koweit grazing grounds that they
severely handicapped by lack of supplies. Numerically also ^ ^
must be at a great disadvantage.
6. The chief weakness of the King’s position lies in the inferior mo 1
of his army as compared with the fanatic enthusiasm and desperate cour
of the Akhwan, and in the general unpopularity of his rule. As a result^f
the latter, it is generally believed that except in Nejd proper the majoritv f
the tribes wmuld rise at once if there were any reasonable hope of throw' 01
off his yoke. Added to this in the fact that he is unable to rely on a lar^
number of troops who have been enrolled in the south by attractive promi^ 6
and by enforced levies, and who have not their heart in the fight • th 868
include for instance a number of Arabs of the Ataibah tribe of which seve^
sections are in open defection. Many of these troops have been sent t
Medina and thence drafted to other bases, while some seven thousand ^
distributed at different posts between Taif and Henakiya to provide asa' 81 ^
surprises. In Nejd itself, to judge from the small number of tribal chiefs of
importance who are reported to be with him at Riyadh, he does not anne -
to have succeeded in rallying the tribes to his side and has had to fill v'
ranks largely with townsmen.
7. Another weakness is the fact that the defection of the Akhwan fa
to a large extent discredited him among the more fanatical and influential
elements of his own following. People like Abdulla bin Hassan, a descend
ent of Abdul Wahab, who was chiefly responsible for the recent dismissal"
of the Imams at Mecca and Medina, Abdulla bin Alaihid until last vear
Grand Wadi A seasonal or intermittent watercourse, or the valley in which it flows. of Mecca, Mohammad bin Ali Turky who resigned the same nost
a few month ago, are commonly believed to favour the Akhwan cause while
Abdul Latif, another descendent of Abdul Wahab and one of the most in
fluential Ulemas at Riyadh is reported to have left Riyadh and to havP
definitely gone over to Feisal ed Doweish. Ibn Sand is beginning to be
regarded by these fanatics as no longer true to Wahabi tenets and as beim
himseif now no better than an infidel. Thoir support of him is in any case
likely to be lukewarm only as they themselves would stand to lose by any
diminution of the fanatical Akhwans influence. ^ ^
Q r| 8 M SignS inci ? ents are not wanting to alarm the inhabitants of Jeddah
end Mecca. Following on the recent coup of Feisal ed Doweish at Gaya
came the news, confirmed from various sources, of the Emir Saud’s narrow
^^e L n M C To U wr Ha !?’ u When f " n ^ of ~en
followed by the defection of theBun AL^fhhe^ddrh^h 116 ''' f )Th
tesgrS'iSS rS lthy - »• 4 - m*.- 1 .';;
in the gro^inglruCTilence^of the" r dfi e ^ aZ !, iaS ’ ts re P ercuss wn in the south
have lately been committed by them. a I mavrefe ^ t° f a .f ression wWch
the two caravans on the Mecca-Taif road where n r ? to A e at(:a ^ s ™
to exist, and I may mention the m of aTT,? ^ S T e T Cunty was thou 8 Ilt
religious prestige was expected to Puaranteth1m la 'f” Hassan whose great
to Riyadh whither he was being sent with n/® L paFSage f ? m MeCca
bon. He was apparently allowed bv The t and ammum '
most solemn assurances that he would TeeA. tn h * 1 ° P roce ® d after § lvin g tlie
Bujad, but from all accounts thTonld armoli^^f re ease * their chief, Bin
by the Ataibah. to ° arms an< ^ ammunition were retained
against their! underlhT the P unitive expedition sent
been checked “feated an leader Khalid Cowai has
to Khunna, whitheS^ t0 W
turbul(3nt, connected by blood relaf h? 7* ng t ^ le , A taibah to heel. Naturally
to the recalcitrant Mulair have h? ^ - th6 Ashrar and aMn aiS °
’ 1 y l!ave Utterly become impatient over the

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Content

This volume compiles printed copies of letters, telegrams, memoranda and newspaper extracts relating to Britain's involvement across the Arabian Peninsula during the period 1929-1938. Whilst the correspondence encompasses all matters concerning British interests in the region, much of it relates to Ibn Saud [‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd] and the Kingdom of the Hejaz and Nejd (later Saudi Arabia). Matters discussed in the correspondence include the following:

  • Reports of unrest in the Hejaz.
  • Relations between Imam Yeha Hamid-Ud-Din [Yaḥyá Muḥammad Ḥamīd al-Dīn, Imam of Yemen] and Ibn Saud.
  • Reports of raids and arms trafficking on the Transjordan Used in three contexts: the geographical region to the east of the River Jordan (literally ‘across the River Jordan’); a British protectorate (1921-46); an independent political entity (1946-49) now known as Jordan -Nejd frontier.
  • Reports of the proceedings of British naval ships in the Red Sea.
  • Details of the Akhwan [Ikhwan] revolt against Ibn Saud, including the movements of one of the revolt's leaders, Faisal Dawish [Fayṣal bin Sulṭān al-Dawīsh], and his surrender to the British in Kuwait.
  • Relations between Kuwait and Nejd.
  • Relations between Iraq and Nejd, including a proposed meeting between Ibn Saud and King Faisal [Fayṣal] of Iraq, and reports of a treaty of alliance between Iraq and Saudi Arabia.
  • Objections from the Hejaz Government to Royal Air Force aircraft flying over Nejd territory.
  • The purchase of arms by the Hejaz Government from Poland.
  • Ibn Saud's annexation of Asir.
  • The death of King Hussein [Ḥusayn bin ‘Alī al-Hāshimī].
  • Harry St John Bridger Philby's conversion to Islam, his mapping of Rub-al-Khali, and his reported spreading of Saudi propaganda in the Aden Protectorate.
  • The currency exchange crisis in the Hejaz-Nejd and the financial situation in the kingdom generally.
  • Reports on a survey of the water and mineral content of the Hejaz coastal area.
  • Relations between Soviet Russia and Saudi Arabia.
  • The emigration of Jews from Yemen to Palestine, via Aden.
  • British fears that Italy might harbour ambitions to annex Yemen.
  • Saudi oil concessions.
  • Italian-Saudi relations.

Prominent correspondents include the following: the British Agent (later His Majesty's Chargé d’Affaires) at Jeddah; His Majesty's Minister at Jeddah; the High Commissioner for Egypt; the High Commissioner for Iraq; the High Commissioner for Transjordan Used in three contexts: the geographical region to the east of the River Jordan (literally ‘across the River Jordan’); a British protectorate (1921-46); an independent political entity (1946-49) now known as Jordan ; the Political Agent A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency. , Kuwait; the Political Resident A senior ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul General) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Residency. (later Chief Commissioner, and later still, Governor), Aden; the Political Resident A senior ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul General) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Residency. in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. ; His Majesty's Ambassador to Iraq; His Majesty's Ambassador to Italy; the Secretary of State for the Colonies; the Minister (and Acting Minister) for Foreign Affairs for the Kingdom of the Hejaz and Nejd (later Saudi Arabia); Ibn Saud; King Feisal of Iraq; the Prime Minister of Iraq; various officials of the Colonial Office, the Foreign Office, the Air Ministry, and the Admiralty.

The French material in the volume consists of several items of correspondence and a copy of a treaty between France and Yemen, which was signed in April 1936.

The volume includes a divider which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the volume by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.

Extent and format
1 volume (527 folios)
Arrangement

The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the rear to the front of the volume.

The items of correspondence are divided (roughly) into various sections. Each extract or item of correspondence within these sections has its own number, which is enclosed in brackets. These numbers proceed in ascending (and approximate chronological) order from left to right; however, the sections themselves proceed in reverse, from the rear to the front of the volume, in distinct groups (e.g. for 1929 numbers 1-23, which are located at folios 517-526, are followed by numbers 24-49 at folios 509-516, which are then followed by numbers 50-89 at folios 494-508, and so on).

Physical characteristics

Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 529; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. side of each folio.

Pagination: each section of correspondence within the volume (as described in the arrangement field) has its own pagination sequence.

Written in
English and French in Latin script
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Coll 6/8(1) 'Printed Series: 1929 to 1938.' [‎476v] (957/1062), British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/L/PS/12/2071, in Qatar Digital Library <https://www.qdl.qa/archive/81055/vdc_100061765167.0x00009e> [accessed 24 April 2024]

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