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Coll 7/14 'Persia and Persian Gulf: suggested Anglo-Persian Arms Traffic Agreement. Persia and the Arms Traffic Convention' [453r] (916/1190)
The record is made up of 1 volume (591 folios). It was created in 18 Aug 1926-28 Jun 1933. It was written in English and French. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .
Transcription
This transcription is created automatically. It may contain errors.
V
*r
the Convention, the binding mstrumeuts, so far as the
Persian Gulf
The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran.
is
concerned, are the treaty engagements and other Agreements referred to
in para. 3 above.
Arms Traffic in the Gulf, 1908-1928.
(a) 1908-1919.
8. The question of most importance during this period is the suppression
~ 1012, of the arms traffic from Muscat The history of this question, and
of the successful elioits made by His Majesty’s Government to establish
control over the 1S . given in paras. 7 to 1G of the Memorandum on
Muscat on page g, and it is not proposed to deal with it in detail here.
Suffice it to say that, after lengthy negotiation, an arrangement was reached
with the Sultan in May 1912, under which His Highness, in return for
•certain considerations, and for the payment of certain compensation, agreed
to establish in his State a bonded warehouse under efficient control, to be in
charge of a trustworthy person from among his subjects, in which all arms
aud ammunition should be deposited on importation. Issues from the
warehouse were to be regulated by licences prepared by the Superintendent
and countersigned by the Sultan personally, and such licences were to be
issued only to individual purchasers or their authorised agents, subject to
satisfactory proof that the issue involved was free from justifiable objection,
aud were not to be issuable to traders. After long diplomatic discussions,
the regulations in question were recognised by the French Government
in February 1914, and from that date the arms traffic in Muscat—save
possibly in certain areas of the Batineh coast, on which the Sultan’s writ
does not run—may be regarded as under elective control.
9. The closing of Muscat to the arms traffic disposed of the most serious
problem. But the conquest of Hasa in 1913 by Ibn Saud, and the reduction
of effective Turkish authority in the peninsula of El Katr, which from
1910-11, consequent on the action taken by His Majesty’s Government to
prevent smuggling from the Muscat coast to Persian Makran, had become an
important centre for the arms traffic, afforded new openings to the trade
which called for the attention of His Majesty’s Government.
10. No undertaking as regards the arms traffic was secured from Ihn
Saud either in the Treaty of December 1915 or in the Treaty of Jeddah of
May 1927, but the dominions of the Ruler of Nejd do not seem to have given
rise to serious difficulty in this connection between 1908 and 1928. The
outbreak of the war similarly reduced for the time the seriousness of the
problem presented by El Katr ; the Sheikh, under his Treaty of 3rd November
1916 with the Government of India, undertook the same obligations in regard
to the suppression of the arms traffic as had already been undertaken in 1902
by the other Trucial Chiefs, and no incident of importance occurred in
connection with the trade during the remaining years of the European W ar.
(b) 1919-1928.
11. The Naval authorities in the
Persian Gulf
The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran.
reported in December 1920
that the present situation of the arms traffic indicated that, failing effective
action to suppress the trade, a recrudescence of what took place before the
war was probable. The chief centre of the traffic was reported to he Koweit, c. in c., e. indies,
El Katr and the Trucial Sheikhdom of Dabai being minor centres ; the chief '
markets were southern Persia and Mesopotamia, with a continuous hut
small infiltration of arms into Persian Baluchistan; and the line followed
by the traffic was principally across the Gulf to the south Persian coast neai
Lingah.
12. His Majesty’s Government took a serious view of the danger of any
revival of the trade, and as a result a conference of the interested authoiities
was held in Karachi in August 1921. The conclusions reached ly the Aup. 28 1921,
conference Were that, while available figures showed no immediate mailed p.4«04.
3
m
453
^ manivs soiery iu me v/i .. x -
which were closely watching the traffic and periodically seaicbmg (1 K)US >
that there had not been any material increase in the traffic.
JU.
About this item
- Content
The volume consists of extensive correspondence, plus minutes and memoranda, relating to the 1925 Convention for the Supervision of the International Trade in Arms and Ammunition and in Implements of War (Arms Traffic Convention), and the subsequent attempts to reproduce certain of its provisions in an international covenant at the Geneva Disarmament Conference of 1932-1933.
The principal correspondents are: the Government of India Foreign and Political Department; the India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Political Department; the Admiralty; the Foreign Office; HM Minister at Tehran (R H Hoare); the Political Resident A senior ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul General) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Residency. in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. ; and the UK Delegate to the Disarmament Conference (E H Carr). The volume also contains a number of communications received from members of the Persian Government (Muhammad Ali Foroughi [Furūghī], Abdolhossein Teymourtache, and Anoushirvan Khan Sepahbodi).
The material principally concerns negotiations between the Persian [Iranian] and British Governments. The Persian Government wished to have the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. and the Gulf of Oman excluded from the list of special maritime zones, and sought British support in achieving this at the Conference. In response to British concerns about the possible impact on their ability to effectively limit the transport of arms and slaves in the region, the Persian Government proposed a bilateral Anglo-Persian treaty.
The following topics are discussed in depth:
- general Anglo-Persian relations, and the British desire to make progress with regards to the position of Henjam;
- the traffic in arms and slaves in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. , the Gulf of Oman, and the Red Sea;
- the reluctance of several nations to ratify the 1925 Arms Traffic Convention;
- the definition and designation of 'special zones', 'special maritime zones' and 'native vessels' within the proposed conventions;
- the proposed bilateral treaty, its terms and conditions;
- the rights to inspect foreign vessels in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. , and British concerns over the ability of Persia to inspect British, Indian and Gulf vessels;
- the possibility of enabling other nations to accede to the bilateral treaty separately, to enable British inspection of the vessels of other nations within the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. ;
- and the concerns of the Admiralty over the potential impact that the agreement would have on their ability to police the traffic in arms and slaves.
The following are particular items of interest:
- memorandum of the Persian Delegation to the League of Nations, noting their objections to the Arms Traffic Convention, ff 517-522;
- communication from HM Legation to Tehran, enclosing details of an interview with the Persian Minister for Foreign Affairs and Minister for the Court (Foroughi and Teymourtache), ff 492-500;
- minutes of the Interdepartmental Cabinet Committee on the International Disarmament Conference, ff 394-420;
- details of a meeting between the Foreign Office and the Persian Minister to Switzerland (Sepahbodi), ff 185-192;
- Persian Government aide-mémoire on the progress of the negotiations, ff 121-124.
The volume includes a divider which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the volume by year. This is placed at the end of the correspondence (folio 1).
- Extent and format
- 1 volume (591 folios)
- Arrangement
The papers are arranged in rough chronological order from the rear to the front of the volume
- Physical characteristics
Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 587; these numbers are written in pencil, and are located in the top right corner of the recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. side of each folio. The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers, nor does it include the two leading and ending flyleaves. A previous foliation sequence has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
- Written in
- English and French in Latin script View the complete information for this record
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Coll 7/14 'Persia and Persian Gulf: suggested Anglo-Persian Arms Traffic Agreement. Persia and the Arms Traffic Convention' [453r] (916/1190), British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/L/PS/12/2182, in Qatar Digital Library <https://www.qdl.qa/archive/81055/vdc_100062983817.0x000075> [accessed 7 May 2024]
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- Reference
- IOR/L/PS/12/2182
- Title
- Coll 7/14 'Persia and Persian Gulf: suggested Anglo-Persian Arms Traffic Agreement. Persia and the Arms Traffic Convention'
- Pages
- front, back, spine, edge, head, tail, front-i, i-r:ii-v, 1r:120v, 125r:280r, 282r:499v, 501r:503v, 508r:515v, 523r:587v, iii-r:iv-v, back-i
- Author
- East India Company, the Board of Control, the India Office, or other British Government Department
- Usage terms
- Open Government Licence