File 4535/1928 Pt 8 ‘ – PERSIAN GULF – QUESTION OF ESTABLISHMENT OF PROTECTORATES OVER KOWEIT, BAHREIN, MUSCAT, TRUCIAL COAST.’ [‎60v] (114/194)

4
# Pol. lies, to G. of I.
July 20 1928,
P. 4718.
t Tel. from Pol.
Res. to G. of I.,
June 12 1928,
P. 3077.
X 1.0. to F.O.,
June 23 1928,
P. 3170.
Tel. from Viceroy.
1877 S., Sept. 18
1928, P. 5110.
C.O. to 1.0 , Sept. 2
1928, P. 5274.
in anticipation of a state of affairs which might never arise. Should a more
definite assertion be called for by subsequent developments, that assertion
could be made and enforced on the basis of our existing political position
and sea power.” As to the air route, they regarded its establishment along
the Arab littoral, should a decision to this end be reached, as both possible
and advisable without any alteration in “our old and well-tried Gulf policy.” ^
'They added that the mere presence of an aerodrome would, to some extent,
afford a visible guarantee of British protection, but indicated that some
subsidy to the Sheikhs in whose territories the aerodromes would lie or over
whose territories the air route would pass would probably be necessary.
The reassertion of Persian Authority in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. .
16. It is only in the last two years that Persia has commenced to adopt
an active policy in the Gulf. The result of the adoption of that policy has
been to bring her into conflict on certain points with the Trucial Chiefs and
their interests. The Trucial settlements on the south Persian coast, /the
occupation of Henjam for so many years by Trucial Arabs, the Trucial
ownership of the islands of Tamb, Little Tamb, Abu Musa and Sirri, the
title to which of the Sheikhs of Shargah and Bas-al-Khaima is contested by
Persia, have all afforded grounds of friction.
17. The three most important incidents which have arisen are the
expulsion by Persia of the Sheikh of Henjam in May 1928, the arrest in
duly 1928 of a Trucial dhow A term adopted by British officials to refer to local sailing vessels in the western Indian Ocean. plying between Dabai and Khassab, which
raised the question of the status of Tamb, and—a direct consequence of the
last-named incident—the questioning by Persia of the independence of the
Trucial owners of Tamb.
18. The history of the expulsion of the Sheikh of Henjam is given in
paras. 28 to 34 of the Memorandum on llenjam on page Hf. The incident
was one the disposal of which would, in all probability, have presented
relatively little difficulty, had it been possible to localise it. But the Sheikh
of Henjam is the father-in-law of the Trucial Sheikh of Dabai; and he and
his people are by race Jowasimi Arabs, who claim never to have accepted
Persian nationality, and who maintain very close relations with their fellow
, tribesmen on the north Arabian shore/"' As a result, disturbances in
Henjam react immediately on feeling on the Trucial Coast A name used by Britain from the nineteenth century to 1971 to refer to the present-day United Arab Emirates. , and in the
present instance the effect of the expulsion of the Sheikh was, according to
the Senior Naval Officer, so greatly to excite the Trucial Arabs that they
had stated that were it not for “ the British action and our gunboats, they
would come in thousands, seize Kishm Island and Henjam, and kill every
Persian on the islands.”! Representations in the strongest terms were
made to the Residency An office of the East India Company and, later, of the British Raj, established in the provinces and regions considered part of, or under the influence of, British India. Agent and the Political Resident A senior ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul General) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Residency. , and Sir Lionel
Haworth reported that he had been informed by the brother of the Sheikh
of Dabai, whom he describes as one of the most level-headed and sensible
chiefs on the Trucial Coast A name used by Britain from the nineteenth century to 1971 to refer to the present-day United Arab Emirates. , that “if we did nothing to help them, they were
prepared to tear up our treaties, much as they liked them, have done with
our air route and kill all Persian officials they could and massacre all
Persians on the Arab coast.”
19. As will be seen from the Memorandum on Henjam, it was agreed,
in the early stages of this incident, that the intervention of His Majesty’s
Government at Tehran on behalf of the Sheikh would do more harm than
good.! The strength of feeling aroused on the Arab littoral, and the danger—
emphasised by the Political Resident—that the Trucial Arabs might have
recourse to Ibn Saud should His Majesty’s Government, while failing
themselves to intervene effectively on behalf of the Sheikh, refuse to allow
the Sheikh of Dabai to approach the Persian Government regarding him,
have since, however, led the Government of India to modify their view.
Attention has also been drawn by the Colonial Office to the difficulties which
would arise were the Trucial Arabs to become supporters of Ibn Saud, and
while for the moment the return of the Sheikh to Henjam at the invitation
of the Persian Government gives hope that a satisfactory solution of the
incident may be found, reconsideration of the decision of Ilis Majesty’s
Government not to intervene with Persia may be called for should this