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File 4535/1928 Pt 8 ‘ – PERSIAN GULF – QUESTION OF ESTABLISHMENT OF PROTECTORATES OVER KOWEIT, BAHREIN, MUSCAT, TRUCIAL COAST.’ [74v] (142/194)
The record is made up of 1 item (96 folios). It was created in 8 Sep 1927-14 May 1929. It was written in English. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .
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6
i
D.—External Relations of Bahrein (other than with His Majesty’s Government)
1908-1928.
20. During this period the dominating and almost the only question
affecting the external relations of Bahrein remains that of its status vis-d-
Turkey and Persia.
I.—Turkey and Bahrein.
21. An agreement between Great Britain and Turkey, signed on 29th July
1913, as part of the general negotiations between His Majesty’s Government
and the Ottoman Government, but, like the other agreements concluded in
the course of these negotiations, awaiting ratification on the outbreak of war,
finally disposed of the Turkish claim to suzerainty, which must in any event
have been practically effected by Ibn Sand’s capture of llasa in 1913. By
Article 13 of the Anglo-Turkish Convention the Ottoman Government
renounced all their claims to the Islands of Bahrein, the independence of
which they recognised ; His Majesty’s Government declaring on their part
that they had no intention of annexing the island. His Majesty’s Government
undertook in Article 11 of the same Convention not to allow the Sheikh of
Bahrein to disturb the autonomy of the peninsula of El Katr, or to annex it,
and in Article 14 that the Sheikh should not discriminate against Ottoman
subjects in the matter of dues levied upon pearl fisheries, while the Turkish
Government accepted a reservation of the right of the population of Bahrein
to visit Zakhnuniyeh Island for fishing, and recognised the right of subjects
of the Sheikh to British consular protection in Turkey. Owing to the
outbreak of war, the agreement in question was never ratified ; but the
Turkish claim to Bahrein would seem to have disappeared with the
disappearance of the Turkish Empire and the elimination of Turkey from
the
Persian Gulf
The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran.
, and no endeavour has been made to revive it since the end
of the war.
II.—Persia and Bahrein.
(a) 1908-1922.
22. Despite the nine repudiations enumerated in the Foreign Office
Memorandum of 1908, the Persian claim was kept alive in the years 1908-14.
Representations made by His Majesty’s Minister at Tehran to the Persian
Government in 1908 in regard to the punishment of a Bahrein subject at
iocs 1 ' tel 95 ’ Aplil 11 LingahJ 5 produced the reply that instructions had been sent to Lingah
“ to make reparation and do the man justice,” but that, as to the question
of Bahrein, the Minister “ will admit that the proprietary right of the Persian
Government over the Island is not a matter to be disputed.” Considerable
subsequent discussion took place with the Persian Government, with a
view to the withdrawal of this Note or the modification of its terms.
In view of the fact that His Majesty’s Government considered it inopportune
to raise the question of Bahrein in its general aspect, a somewhat gentler
line was taken with the Persian Government than was perhaps altogether
consistent with the attitude adopted before and since by His Majesty’s
Government; and it was only after unsuccessful efforts to secure the
substitution of a modified version that the Persian Note was returned as
+ Teh. Desp. 10 of Jiui. 22 inadmissible to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, j* The Persian Foreign
1909- Office thereupon declared that, if the Note returning the objectionable
communication could be withdrawn, the Persian Government would send in
substitution for the latter an amended Note in the sense desired, adding
that, if this arrangement was not accepted, they would be obliged to send
a strong reply to the British Note. The Minister remarked that this would
have raised the general question of Bahrein, for which the moment was
clearly inopportune, and that he had therefore accepted the proposed
arrangement. The amended Note was accepted, and the matter closed with
a Note from His Majesty’s Minister dated the 13th May 1909, acknowledging
receipt and reaffirming that His Majesty’s Government maintained, as
regards the status of Bahreinis in Persia, the position that the Island of
Bahrein and its inhabitants were under British protection, and that they
would be guided entirely by their own views of the position should any
action of the Persian Government make representations necessary.
About this item
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This part contains papers relating to the question of whether Koweit [Kuwait], Bahrein [Bahrain], Muscat, and the Trucial Coast A name used by Britain from the nineteenth century to 1971 to refer to the present-day United Arab Emirates. Sheikdoms should become formal British protectorates, including the views on this question of the following: the Political Resident A senior ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul General) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Residency. in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. ; HM Minister at Tehran (Sir Robert Clive); the Government of India; the Colonial Office; the India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. ; and the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. Sub-Committee of the Committee of Imperial Defence.
This part also includes papers relating to the question of the terms of a draft article for inclusion in a treaty with Persia [Iran] regarding the status of Bahrain.
The papers include correspondence, India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. memoranda, India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Political Department minute papers, and Committee of Imperial Defence Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. Sub-Committee papers.
The main correspondents are the India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. , the Government of India Foreign and Political Department, and the Political Resident A senior ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul General) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Residency. in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. (Lieutenant-Colonel Lionel Berkeley Holt Haworth).
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- Title
- File 4535/1928 Pt 8 ‘ – PERSIAN GULF – QUESTION OF ESTABLISHMENT OF PROTECTORATES OVER KOWEIT, BAHREIN, MUSCAT, TRUCIAL COAST.’
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- 4r:100v
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- East India Company, the Board of Control, the India Office, or other British Government Department
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