![File 4535/1928 Pt 8 ‘ – PERSIAN GULF – QUESTION OF ESTABLISHMENT OF PROTECTORATES OVER KOWEIT, BAHREIN, MUSCAT, TRUCIAL COAST.’ [‎82v] (158/194)](https://iiif.qdl.qa/iiif/images/81055/vdc_100000000466.0x0002a1/IOR_L_PS_10_1271_00169.jp2/full/!1200,1200/0/default.jpg "File 4535/1928 Pt 8 ‘ – PERSIAN GULF – QUESTION OF ESTABLISHMENT OF PROTECTORATES OVER KOWEIT, BAHREIN, MUSCAT, TRUCIAL COAST.’ [‎82v] (158/194)")
File 4535/1928 Pt 8 ‘ – PERSIAN GULF – QUESTION OF ESTABLISHMENT OF PROTECTORATES OVER KOWEIT, BAHREIN, MUSCAT, TRUCIAL COAST.’ [82v] (158/194)
The record is made up of 1 item (96 folios). It was created in 8 Sep 1927-14 May 1929. It was written in English. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .
Transcription
This transcription is created automatically. It may contain errors.
10
P. 1004/24.
P. 127(3,24.
Tel. from Pol. lies, to C.O.,
17, Feb. 13 1928, P. 737.
Sheikh Ahmed evinced the least desire to have the dispute settled ; ” neither
pait\ laised the question at the Koweit conference in the same year ■ and
though in October 192b the Sheikh ot Koweit was stated by the Political
Agent, Koweit, to be thinking of paying Jbn Sand a visit, the real object of
which would be to induce him to remove the trade prohibitions, and though
in b ebruai v P,)2(S the Political llesident reported that the effect of the
embargo was to create stagnation in Koweit trade, the commercial
pi os pei it\ ol Koweit depending on Nejd, there has been no development
in the matter since that date.
X P. 3336/24, P. 1668/25,
P. 2383/25.
§ P.5729/27.
|| P. 534/28.
If P. 1341/28.
** Tel. from Pol. Res. to
C.O. Aug. 5 1928, P. 4423.
(c) The Akhwan Menace.
40. Akhwan raids on Koweit had taken place in 1924 and 1925,f but on
an inconsiderable scale. The Akhwan raids on Iraq by Feisal-al-Dawish and
the Mutair tribe at the end of 1927 had, however, more important reactions
on the Principality.§ At the request of the Sheikh His Majesty’s
Government agreed to aerial reconnaissance over his territory; and, with
his concm rence, it was later decided to withdraw the restrictions
originally imposed by llis Majesty’s Government on bombing in pursuit
of raideis within Koweit territory. An Akhwan raid was successfully
dealt with by Koweit forces at El Piqai on 27th January 1928,|j and whilst
retiring into Nejd was pursued and successfully attacked by the Royal Air
Force on two following days. A further raid occurred late in February,
which was not opposed by ground forces, but was again successfully pursued
by the Royal Air Force for two days. In view of the possibility of further
serious developments, and of the recognised liability of His Majesty’s Govern
ment under existing engagements for the “ protection of Koweit ” (a phrase
the exact scope of which is open to argument^), further defence measures
were now taken. A temporary air base (political objections to a permanent
station being regarded as conclusive, cp. para. 47 below), was established
in Koweit: a flight of aeroplanes and a detachment of armoured cars were
despatched to the town for its protection : three vessels of the
Persian Gulf
The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran.
squadron (later reduced to one) were stationed off Koweit itself, and a
landing party disembarked and remained on shore until the crisis had
passed. All action taken was taken with the concurrence of the Sheikh,
'who was, m addition, allowed to purchase from the Government of India a
small supply of machine guns and Lewis guns. After some discussion
His Majesty’s Government and the Government of India agreed that
ilis Excellency might be allowed to purchase armoured motor cars, on
the ui.dei standing that they w r ould be used only for defence, and would not
cross the borders of Koweit in repelling raids save with the concurrence of
the
Political Agent
A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency.
. The crisis, however, passed off without incident, and
the special forces which had been despatched to Koweit w^ere withdrawn
during the late spring. For financial reasons the Sheikh abandoned the
idea of purchasing armoured cars.**
41. Consequent on the breakdown of the negotiations with Ibn Sand in
the summer of 1928. and the possible danger of a revival of Akhwan activity
R' a< 4 'Nejd border, the question of granting discretion to the Air
Gmcer Commanding, Iraq, to carry out reconnaissances by air or car over
Koweit territory was raised by the Air Ministry.
. 4 -- T1,e “ VC1 T obvious and grave political objection to air recon
naissance over Koweit was emphasised by Sir Gilbert Clayton. After
considerable discussion between the Departments concerned, the Air Officer
Commanding was finally authorised to carry out occasional reconnaissances
both by air and car, at his discretion, on the understanding that the
concurrence of the Sheikh should be obtained, through the Political
Resident; that reconnaissance should be carried out as infrequently and
m as unprovocative a manner as possible; that the Sheikh should be mven
“no grounds lor supposing that the Royal Air Force have assumed
responsibibfy for the defence of Koweit or that he himself has been
relieved of his obligations in this respect ”; that save in case of real
emergency^ reconnaissance should not be carried out within 25 miles of
the Nejd-Koweit frontier nor in the immediate vicinity of the Nejd-Iraq
i
i
(
]
1
t
1
^ ^ 1
i
(
t
i
About this item
- Content
This part contains papers relating to the question of whether Koweit [Kuwait], Bahrein [Bahrain], Muscat, and the Trucial Coast A name used by Britain from the nineteenth century to 1971 to refer to the present-day United Arab Emirates. Sheikdoms should become formal British protectorates, including the views on this question of the following: the Political Resident A senior ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul General) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Residency. in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. ; HM Minister at Tehran (Sir Robert Clive); the Government of India; the Colonial Office; the India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. ; and the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. Sub-Committee of the Committee of Imperial Defence.
This part also includes papers relating to the question of the terms of a draft article for inclusion in a treaty with Persia [Iran] regarding the status of Bahrain.
The papers include correspondence, India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. memoranda, India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Political Department minute papers, and Committee of Imperial Defence Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. Sub-Committee papers.
The main correspondents are the India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. , the Government of India Foreign and Political Department, and the Political Resident A senior ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul General) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Residency. in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. (Lieutenant-Colonel Lionel Berkeley Holt Haworth).
- Extent and format
- 1 item (96 folios)
- Written in
- English in Latin script View the complete information for this record
Use and share this item
- Share this item
File 4535/1928 Pt 8 ‘ – PERSIAN GULF – QUESTION OF ESTABLISHMENT OF PROTECTORATES OVER KOWEIT, BAHREIN, MUSCAT, TRUCIAL COAST.’ [82v] (158/194), British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/L/PS/10/1271/1, in Qatar Digital Library <https://www.qdl.qa/archive/81055/vdc_100069905656.0x0000aa> [accessed 6 July 2026]
https://www.qdl.qa/en/archive/81055/vdc_100069905656.0x0000aa
Copy and paste the code below into your web page where you would like to embed the image.
<meta charset="utf-8"><a href="https://www.qdl.qa/en/archive/81055/vdc_100069905656.0x0000aa">File 4535/1928 Pt 8 ‘ – PERSIAN GULF – QUESTION OF ESTABLISHMENT OF PROTECTORATES OVER KOWEIT, BAHREIN, MUSCAT, TRUCIAL COAST.’ [‎82v] (158/194)</a> <a href="https://www.qdl.qa/en/archive/81055/vdc_100069905656.0x0000aa"> <img src="https://iiif.qdl.qa/iiif/images/81055/vdc_100000000466.0x0002a1/IOR_L_PS_10_1271_00169.jp2/full/!280,240/0/default.jpg" alt="" /> </a>
This record has a IIIF manifest available as follows. If you have a compatible viewer you can drag the icon to load it.https://www.qdl.qa/en/iiif/81055/vdc_100000000466.0x0002a1/manifestOpen in Universal viewerOpen in Mirador viewerMore options for embedding images
Copyright: How to use this content
- Reference
- IOR/L/PS/10/1271/1
- Title
- File 4535/1928 Pt 8 ‘ – PERSIAN GULF – QUESTION OF ESTABLISHMENT OF PROTECTORATES OVER KOWEIT, BAHREIN, MUSCAT, TRUCIAL COAST.’
- Pages
- 4r:100v
- Author
- East India Company, the Board of Control, the India Office, or other British Government Department
- Usage terms
- Open Government Licence