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‘File XXIX/4 THE IMAM’S RISING 1913-1920. RISING of IMAM of NIZWA JAN. 1915 & ATTACK ON BAIT-al-FALAJ JAN. 1915’ [‎370r] (762/836)

The record is made up of 1 volume (405 folios). It was created in 23 Dec 1914-31 Oct 1916. It was written in English and Arabic. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .

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(iffy
(j )right to stop us passing orders according .
tV, ii v Shara against the Sultan if he acte contrary
^ aw if he does not follow tokwxwlvKkgfct
*rictly ? / What right have you to ossa
^ whenever we come to punish him who is of our
Ts u + Ci r 3 on u 5 *i th , y°* rifles as you did in
assanah in the days of Ihrahim bln Q,ais who in ,
aay was a learned man of renown and who followed
l£ ie according to hie own views and those of
the ***** rest of the ’mima*. See also xfextxgmx how
you treated us at Birka when you fought with us*
By what right too have you stopped^ our trade with
Aden by making our vessel# xxi3txa±xMxBxKfc(<froa the
Batineh coast ?) call at ■^scat en route and pay xmx
tmaxAstims duty to the Mascat Customs when they (the
vessels) have no business to 4e at -^scat ? 0raan4
traders also wxwxwkwxsat^Rwkyxwxv who go to Bombay and ,
Karachi and other British ports,are made by you to
(observe) the same conditions and in this way our tradi
is hampered.
You have had great experience of the Omani tnxtirsi.
traders. You know they have no means of profit except ’
from Oman. The people of Oman are not intelligent; k
they are mostly lazy and poor.
I write to you,Oh Colonel,knowing you to be a
wise man and of good understanding and the represent
ative of the British Goverbment. I ask you ^ Is it
fair (lit. lawful) to call upon the Imamffl to agree to
conditions which are of no interest or profit to him? 11
Or to ask him to xgxiui accept WBH&fcfcfrXJis only such
terms as you want,while at the same time unlawful
things are permitted to continue tn Mascat ?•
God has said n Do not depend on unjust men. If you do
you will burnt by ther-fire *
The upshot of all this is that if you wish tin*
OmaifTIHe dominions of Mascat) to remain under the
rule of Said Taimur,then he raust follow and obey
M The Mahomadan" (probably the Imam is meant) and con
duct all his affairs according to Mahoaadan Law (which
must be observed also) by his close relations and fx±**
friends and by the public equally both high and low, ,
lie (ths Sultan) must accept and permit the Jlxik Deputy
of the Imam to live with him in Maacat to see that the
orders of Mahomadan Law are carried out. (The Deputy;
will give or withold permission according to that
Law and protect the rights of the snhject*. v If Saiad
Taimur agrees to all this) then the Imam and his yoll
-ers vrill i»e hound not to oppose hina in any way eitner
in his Court or hie buildings or any defence works hel-
.1 onging to him. \
The following conditions therefore may be agreed
upon between us viz|«
I Every slave should be given bacx to his ra«.ster
The dealing in arms should be permitted and everything
s.rroertainin#c to Arms should be allowed also,
I So rule, except ”r (Mahowadan) Rule, should he per-
/ .- y ^teri
Sut if you intend to exercise your authority orer
both s idee, via.o’er the laam's people and ^aid
Taiaur'• ae well, then (X say) this will never be per-
mitted by our xk**g*«x religion; for we do not for
worldly things; we ask only f ° r
anAmwv&mxwx Mahomadan Law and of the right to wamawxwj
mxtfxircewkw)#** ♦bid and forbid* according to the Bhara
mmwxpxwmwmwx Almighty and He is able to assist us
^nd'de^Ly our LeSif ^He ha. said - I hold myself
bound to help the Believers tt ;and we expect such nelp
(Trffollow quotations from the d°r*n^
f
X
X
X
X
X
HKT » He Who will try to obtain all,will lose all
?H« h lBL n (M”*£<l S hl«s4 and keep him i) has no ttother •:

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Content

The volume contains correspondence in the form of reports, memoranda, and a considerable number of translated letters of notable local Omani shaikhs and members of al-Bu Sa‘id ruling family. The correspondence is mainly concerned with the rising of the Imam of Oman, Salim bin Rashid al-Kharusi against the Sultan of Muscat and Oman, Taimur bin Fayṣal bin Turki al-Bu Sa‘idi, and the former’s attack on Muscat in 1915. The Imam’s coalition included Omani tribal leaders, Himyar bin Nasir al-Nabhani, and ‘Isa bin Saleh al-Harthi, who were rising against the existence of the British forces in Muscat and the Sultan’s reliance on the British in his rule. The Imam’s forces met at Sama'il and led their way from there to attack the British forces’ garrison at Bait al-Falaj. Upon the attack, British officials, the Political Agent A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency. , Muscat and the Political Resident A senior ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul General) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Residency. in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. , Bushire, in particular reported on the number of casualties from both sides. The attack has raised concerns of more attacks to take place in the future.

Among other issues raised in the volume are:

  • current situation in various regions including Sama'il, Nizwa, Sib and others
  • previous rising led by the Imam, Azzan bin Qais
  • the communication made with the Government of India about the possibility of sending more troops to Muscat in order to assist the existing ones, and the expenses involved in such a step
  • the position of the French in Muscat
  • 'Isa bin Saleh’s efforts for peace
  • the suggestion that the Political Agent A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency. , Muscat, could act as a mediator between the two sides
  • the possible peace negotiations
  • the Imam’s conditions for making peace, including: the full recognition of the Sharia Law as practiced by the Imam in the interior, the settlement of the financial claims due to the inhabitants in the interior, and the absolute prohibition of the import of wines, spirits and tobaccos
  • news of the First World War
  • the influence the Imam has on his followers and his anti-British propaganda, seeing the British as enemies of Islam
  • the spread of pro-German feelings among the tribes of the Sharqiyya region
  • news that the Emperor of Germany has converted to Islam

The majority of the correspondence in the volume is dated 1915.

Extent and format
1 volume (405 folios)
Arrangement

The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the front to the rear of the volume.

Physical characteristics

Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 407; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 8-398; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out. The file has one foliation anomaly, f 241A.

Written in
English and Arabic in Latin and Arabic script
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‘File XXIX/4 THE IMAM’S RISING 1913-1920. RISING of IMAM of NIZWA JAN. 1915 & ATTACK ON BAIT-al-FALAJ JAN. 1915’ [‎370r] (762/836), British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/R/15/6/45, in Qatar Digital Library <https://www.qdl.qa/archive/81055/vdc_100071566789.0x0000a3> [accessed 27 April 2024]

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