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File 522/1922 Pt 1 'Persian Gulf: Bahrein affairs: Retirement of Shaikh Isa; Reforms' [‎286r] (588/804)

The record is made up of 1 volume (394 folios). It was created in 6 Feb 1922-20 Mar 1924. It was written in English. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .

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(i)
a| f
plainly indicates what his attitude as an ultra-orthodox
Sunni is likely to he towards a vigorous policy of pro-Shiah
reform in Bahrain. This point has also been alluded to in
the letter from the Political Agent A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency. , Bahrain, no.111-C,dated
3rd July 1922 enclosed with my letter No.529-8 dated 16th
July 1922 (quod vide).
The omfcf easy solution is the natural succession of Sheikh
Hama/I who though ignorant is reasonable and progressive. He
could he trusted to introduce the reforms himself with the
advice of his Political Agent A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency. ; and Government would he
relieved of the unpleasant alternative of tolerating abuses
or forcibly intervening to end them. But that solution need
not be anticipated for some time.
8. For all practical purposes at present therefore Govern
ment is presented with a choice between these two alternatives
either of which is attended with difficulty. The decision as
to which course should be adopted must be governed by
question of Imperial policy. But I feel bound respectfully
to point out that in my opinion sooner or later something
will have to be done. Present inaction may only result in
our hands being forced later on. On the other hand, if the
matter is firmly grasped now, this advantage will at least
follow that some definite good will be accomplished and an
unsatisfactory condition of affairs ended.
It would seem,then, that if action is to be taken it should
be taken as soon as conveniently possible, but I recognize
that it may be some time before the orders of H.M.Government
can be obtained. In the meanwhile I am preparing the details
of the required machinery which I hope to be able to submit
to Government for their approval if necessary, as soon as I
am acquainted with their decision.
9. To sum up, my opinion is as follows:-

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Content

Correspondence, minute papers, memoranda, and draft papers concerning reforms in Bahrain. The principal correspondents are officials at the India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. , Foreign Office, and the Government of India (Foreign and Political Department). Further correspondence, mostly included as enclosures, comes from the Colonial Office, Admiralty, Political Resident A senior ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul General) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Residency. in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. (Lieutenant-Colonel Arthur Prescott Trevor), Political Agent A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency. in Bahrain (Major Clive Kirkpatrick Daly), British Legation in Tehran, British Consulate in Damascus, High Commissioner in Palestine, Government of Bombay From c. 1668-1858, the East India Company’s administration in the city of Bombay [Mumbai] and western India. From 1858-1947, a subdivision of the British Raj. It was responsible for British relations with the Gulf and Red Sea regions. (Political Department), and Government of India (Finance Department).

Throughout the file the papers deal with reports and complaints of the oppression of the Baharna by their Sunni rulers and those connected to them. The British response to the situation is then discussed and communicated. Matters covered include:

  • The need for administrative reform to redress inequalities in the system
  • The proposal to press for the deportation of Shaikh Abdullah, one of the ruling Shaikh Isa's sons and someone thought to be largely responsible for injustices committed against the Shia Baharna
  • Agitation in the Persian press in response to perceived injustices, highlighting Persia's claim to Bahrain
  • The forced retirement of Shaikh Isa and the instalment of his son, Hamad, in his stead
  • Trouble between the Baharna and the Dawasir tribe (loyal to Ibn Saud of Nejd) in Budaiya and the proposal to bombard the village.
Extent and format
1 volume (394 folios)
Arrangement

The volume is arranged in chronological order from the rear to the front.

Physical characteristics

Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 392; these numbers are written in pencil and are located in the top right corner of the recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. side of each folio. The front and back covers, along with the leading and ending flyleaves have not been foliated.

Written in
English in Latin script
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File 522/1922 Pt 1 'Persian Gulf: Bahrein affairs: Retirement of Shaikh Isa; Reforms' [‎286r] (588/804), British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/L/PS/10/1039, in Qatar Digital Library <https://www.qdl.qa/archive/81055/vdc_100075142829.0x0000bd> [accessed 6 May 2024]

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