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Coll 30/117 'Persian Gulf. Bahrain Grievances of the Baharinah.' [86r] (171/203)
The record is made up of 1 file (100 folios). It was created in 30 May 1935-11 Aug 1939. It was written in English. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .
Transcription
This transcription is created automatically. It may contain errors.
-3-
(iii) that certain alleged rights in connection with
Education should be restored to them.
At the same time, however, they started to hold excited
meetings in the Matarns (religious centres) and formulated
further demands, some of which were most extravagant. The
villagers, among whom are many unemployed ana who have suffered
much from the fall in prices, were enticed into Manamah on the
plea that if they came to the meetings and ^aid two bezahs
(half an anna), work would be obtained for them on the Oil
Field.
7. The position regarding the three points mentioned in the
petition and the action taken on them may be summarised as
follows
(a) The Code . The Sunni and Shi*ah (^adhis were consulted
in writing and welcomed the principle of a Code, with certain
reasonable reservations by the Sunni ^adhis about the use of
Shara 1 laws in certain matters (marriage and so on) •
(b) -f Proportionate representation on the Eajlis al
Tu.i jarah and the Baladiyahs . His Excellency Shaikh 3ir Hamad
approved of a substantially increased representation of the
Baharinah in both bodies; indeed, increases on the Baladiyahs
had already received his sanction - in Marumah up to equality
with the Arabs •
(c) . Education . Three or four years ago a so-called
Board of Education had to be abolished owing to dissensions
and inefficiency and control of Education placed in the hands
of Shaikh Abdullah bin 'Isa. The schools are all open to the
Shi'ah Baharinah (indeed, one at Suq al Khamis is entirely
Shi*ah; as well as to the Sunnis and they attend in large
numbers. Unfortunately financial stringency has so far
prevented the establishment of village schools which would be
more useful to the Baharinah than to the Arfebs, but it is
v intended /
About this item
- Content
The papers in this file relate to the grievances of the Baharnah (the native population of Bahrain). The papers include: The petition of the Baharnah to the Ruler of Bahrain Shaikh Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa requesting the adoption of a Qanun (code of laws) in the courts, proportional representation in the Majalis al Tujjarah and Baladiyyah at Manama and Muharraq, and restoration of their rights on the Board of Education, 30 December 1934-21 April 1936; the reservations of the Secretary of State for India the 2nd Marquess of Zetland about providing constitutional advice to the Gulf principalities, 20-27 September 1935; the instructions from the Government of India on reforming the courts of Bahrain, proportional representation, education, and pasturage of the Ruler’s camels, 6 November 1935-22 February 1936; the growth of popular movements in Kuwait, Debai [Dubai], and Bahrain, 18 July-16 November 1938; the agitation against the Shi’a Shar’ Court, Bahraini courts, and the educational system in Bahrain, a strike on the premises of the Bahrain Petroleum Company (BAPCO), and a demonstration in the bazaar at Manama, 31 October-24 November 1938; a request by Shaikh Hamad for the recruitment of two Egyptian or Sudanese magistrates to compile a civil and criminal ‘Bahrain Code’ from all previously issued a’lans and to provide practical advice to current magistrates inside and outside the courts of Bahrain, 24 November 1938-5 August 1939; the report of the Political Resident A senior ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul General) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Residency. in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. Lieutenant Colonel T C W Fowle to the Secretary to the Government of India in the External Affairs Department Sir Herbert Aubrey Francis Metcalfe on future policy towards popular agitation in Bahrain, 14 April-23 May 1939; and the Ruler of Dubai Shaikh Sa’id bin Maktoum Al Maktoum’s forcible dissolution of the Majlis in Dubai, 5-15 June 1939.
The correspondence in this file is primarily between the British Political Agent A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency. in Bahrain; Political Resident A senior ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul General) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Residency. in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. at Bushire [Bushehr]; Deputy Secretary to the Government of India in the Foreign and Political Department; Foreign Secretary to the Government of India; Secretary of State for India; India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. ; Secretary of the Government of India in the External Affairs Department; Foreign Office; HM Ambassador to Egypt; and the Ruler of Bahrain.
- Extent and format
- 1 file (100 folios)
- Arrangement
The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the rear to the front of the file.
- Physical characteristics
Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 101; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 76-101; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
- Written in
- English in Latin script View the complete information for this record
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Coll 30/117 'Persian Gulf. Bahrain Grievances of the Baharinah.' [86r] (171/203), British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/L/PS/12/3846, in Qatar Digital Library <https://www.qdl.qa/archive/81055/vdc_100077459321.0x0000ae> [accessed 6 May 2024]
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Copyright: How to use this content
- Reference
- IOR/L/PS/12/3846
- Title
- Coll 30/117 'Persian Gulf. Bahrain Grievances of the Baharinah.'
- Pages
- front, front-i, 2r:43v, 47r:90v, 94r:101v, back
- Author
- East India Company, the Board of Control, the India Office, or other British Government Department
- Usage terms
- Open Government Licence