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File 4640/1928 Pt 2 ‘Muscat Situation at Sur.’ [186r] (382/800)
The record is made up of 1 volume (396 folios). It was created in 29 Apr 1926-19 Nov 1931. It was written in English. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .
Transcription
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During the Wahabi invasion of 18.12-3, Sabin bin AH, TemeemaU
Sheikh of the Bani Bu Ali, became their supporter, helping them against
the Bani Bu Hassan.
In consequence of the part which Salim bin Ali had taken against the
Bani Bu Hassan, there was a feud between the two tribes which resulted in
a light wherein Salim bin Ali and some of his people were killed ; some of
the Bani Bu llassan also fell, and as neither side would give in, the war
between them continued, and has been carried on more or less constantly
ever since.
16. Mahomed bin Ali, who succeeded Salim bin Ali as Temeemah,
seceded from the tenets of the Ibadiyah and adopted those of the Wahabi,
throwing oil the authority of the Imam.
17. In 1820 Saiyid Said, having heard that Mahomed bin Ali had
induced many of the inhabitants of Jaalan to adopt his creed, and that his
followers anlong the AlAshkarah had plundered many English ships wrecked
there, applied to the English to aid him in an expedition against Mahomed
bin Ali and his confederates. The Bani Bu Ali murdered the messenger
carrying a letter to the chiefs from the British party investigating reports
of piracy near Has el Hadd. Captain Thompson, in charge of operations,
decided to avenge the act, and with a small force consisting of six
companies, sailed to Muscat, where plans were made for the Sultan to
reinforce him at Sur. The combined force marched on Balad Bani Bu Ali,
the capital of the tribe, but proved entirely inadequate, and after attempting
to take the town, were sharply repulsed. Six out of eight officers and
270 men were killed. In January 1821 Major-General Sir Lionel Smith
sailed with two brigades to restore British influence in the gulf. From Sur,
they also marched to Balad Bani Bu Ali, which surrendered after most
of the defending force had been killed or captured. The Sheikh, Mahomed
bin Ali, was deported to Bombay. (Frontier and Overseas Expeditions from
India, Vol. VTO-
IS. As late as 1815 the Bani Bu Ali were strict if not fanatical in the
observance of the Wahabi principles. They have since relaxed something
of their rigour and have resumed the smoking of tobacco, but they continue
to be exact in their observance of the forms and times of prayer. (Lorimer,
Vol. II., p. 66.)
19. In 1851 Sultan Saiyid Said stated that the Bani Bu Ali had long
withdrawn from allegiance to him.
20. In the early part of the reign of Saiyid Thoweynee [1856-66] the
Bani Bu Ali and the Bani Bu llassan were almost constantly engaged in
petty skirmishes against each other, in which Sheikh Abdulla bin Salim,
the grandson of Mahomed bin Ali, at the head of the Bani Bu Ali, generally
won ihe day. About the same time a series of raids was committed by the
Wahibah against the Bani Bu Ali, these raids culminating in a serious
■engagement at Theeleyeh, in which Sheikh Abdulla greatly distinguished
himself by totally defeating and routing the enemy.|
21. Towards Saiyid Thoweynee his attitude was that of neutrality, but
Saiyid Salim during his reign [1866-8], having had reason to suspect
treachery on the part of the Hinawi garrison at Muscat, sent a large present
to Sheikh Abdulla and requested his help to defend him in his position.
Sheikh Abdulla gladly removed to Muscat with 300 men and garrisoned it,
but, owing to the vacillatory policy of Saiyid Salim, was dismissed after a
stay of four months and returned to Jaalan. Soon after this, Saiyid Azzan-
bin-Khais, on coming to power in 1868, summoned him and the other
Sheikhs of the Bani Bu Ali to Muscat to render their submission, and on
their having refused to visit him, he marched against the Bani Bu Ali, seized
three of the Sheikhs of the tribe and threw them into prison at Muscat. *
* A good description of these operations and the subsequent proceedings is contained in
the Annual Administration Reports. 1883-4, page -6.
t Abdulla bin Salim was not actually Temeemah of the Bani Bu Ali till 1867, in which
year the Temeemah Mahomed bin Majid was murdered ; but lie certainly took a very
prominent part in affairs before that date.
({8$)
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About this item
- Content
This volume contains papers concerning the situation at Sur in the Sultanate of Muscat and Oman. The papers mainly relate to ‘difficulties’ which had arisen between the tribes of Sur and the Government of Muscat, inter-tribal and inter-factional rivalries, the question of what action the British Government should take to support the authority of the Muscat Government at Sur, and the general question of future British policy in Muscat.
It includes papers relating to the following:
- The claim to independence of Ali bin Abdullah, Shaikh of the Bani Bu Ali (also spelled Beni Bu Ali) tribe and Amir of Jaalan [Emir of Ja‘alān, also spelled Jalan and Jallan]
- The bombardment of the fort of Said bin Abdullah (also spelled Saeed bin Abdullah) by the Muscat gunboat, and the shelling and destruction of the fort by HMS Cyclamen
- An incident in which a Hinawi caravan was stopped at Sur by the Amirs of Jaalan, who hoisted a flag in their fort at Aiqa (also spelled Aigah in the volume) which was reportedly the flag of King Ibn Saud, but which the Amirs of Jaalan subsequently stated was their own flag
- The Government of India’s recommendation that a regiment be sent to hold Sur
- Tribal conflict and rivalries, including the feud between the two main sections of the Jenebeh [al-Janabah] tribe, the Makhanah and the Aramah, which the British Government viewed as being encouraged by Ali bin Abdullah, and the feud between the Beni Bu Ali and the Beni Bu Hassan tribes
- Proposed air operations by aircraft supported by HM Ships against the Bani Bu Ali at Sur.
The papers mainly consist of correspondence, memoranda, reports, and India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Political Department minute papers.
The main correspondents are as follows: the India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. ; the Political Agent A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency. and HBM Consul, Muscat; Mahomed bin Nasir Ali Hamud, Amir of Jalan; the Political Resident A senior ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul General) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Residency. in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. ; the Government of India Foreign and Political Department; the Admiralty; the Foreign Office; the Commander-in-Chief, East Indies; and the Air Ministry.
The volume includes a divider which gives the subject number, the year the subject file was opened, the subject heading, and a list of correspondence references by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.
- Extent and format
- 1 volume (396 folios)
- Arrangement
The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the rear to the front of the volume.
The subject 4640 (Muscat) consists of two volumes and one file, IOR/L/PS/10/1275-1277. The volumes and file are divided into two parts, with part 2 comprising one volume, and part 4 comprising the second volume and the file. There is no part 1 or part 3.
- Physical characteristics
Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 392; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. side of each folio.
The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers, nor does it include the leading and ending flyleaves.
- Written in
- English in Latin script View the complete information for this record
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File 4640/1928 Pt 2 ‘Muscat Situation at Sur.’ [186r] (382/800), British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/L/PS/10/1275, in Qatar Digital Library <https://www.qdl.qa/archive/81055/vdc_100080848157.0x0000b7> [accessed 13 May 2024]
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Copyright: How to use this content
- Reference
- IOR/L/PS/10/1275
- Title
- File 4640/1928 Pt 2 ‘Muscat Situation at Sur.’
- Pages
- front, back, spine, edge, head, tail, front-i, i-r:ii-v, 1r:167v, 170v:173v, 176r:181v, 183r:199v, 201v:211v, 212v, 213v:214v, 215v:223v, 225v:292v, 300r:349v, 350v:365v, 366v, 367v, 368v, 369v:375v, 380r:388v, 390v:392v, iii-r:iv-v, back-i
- Author
- East India Company, the Board of Control, the India Office, or other British Government Department
- Usage terms
- Open Government Licence