'Transactions of the Bombay Geographical Society, from September 1850 to June 1852. Edited by the Secretary. Volume X.' [‎162] (295/458)

162 VOLCANOES OF INDIA.
to lat. 15° 40', for a distance of nearly 200 miles, a range of lulls 0 [
volcanic origin is set down on the map about twenty miles from the
shore, with a second range behind them, like that on the African side
undescribed. The lower range is a continuation of the Aden volca
noes ; this extending in a continuous line for above 300 miles along
shore. There can be no reasonable doubt that the whole basin of the
Red Sea,—here about 100 miles across,—from the Arabian to the
.African chain of peaks, is volcanic, studded as the intermediate channel
is with cones now in a state of activity, so that the ascertained area of
this region from Aden to near Ankobar, from this to Gibbel Teirig
about 350 from E. to W., and 450 from S. to 1ST. Within the channel
of the Red Sea the most conspicuous peaks are the Harnish Islands, and
Gibbel Googur, betwixt lat. 13° 40 r and 14°, the Zebeyar Islands
in lat 15°, and Gibbel Teir in lat 15° 30 7 . A violent eruption of short
continuance occurred in the Zebeyar Islands on the 6th August 1846.
Gibbel Teir has for nearly a century been known to be in a state
of constant activity. It was visited by Bruce in 1774; it then gave
out smoke, and was said occasionally to emit flame and stones; he
describes the m asses of lava as having shells embedded in them, a
circumstance that has not, so far as I have observed, been noticed by
any other traveller.* It was visited by Capt. Mm;m when engaged i n
survey in 1833,f and by Dr. Kirk in 1841. Toe island is circular
about seven and half miles round,J resembling, on being approached, a
hill of considerable elevation rising from a plain terminating in a'duff
steep on the eastern extremity. The summit of the hill is about 300
feet above the sea level,— there are no soundings Measurements of the depth of a body of water. close in shore, at
150 fathoms, so that the visible portion is merely the summit of a hill
the base of which is hid by the water in all probability 1,109 feet high,
or 1,900, if the altitude of 900 assigned it by the chart be correct. The
whole surface is covered with ashes, lava, and cinders; near the summit
there are about fifteen small open craters, from several of which steam and
hot air are continually issuing, and occasionally smoke. Streams of m*
durated lava are seen to proceed from these chiefly towards the east side
of the island. It is said to have been on fire about 1828 or 1830.
* See Travels, Quoted in Geographical Society’s Report for 1850.
t I have taken Dr. Kirk’s description, snghtly abridged.
t Dr. Kirk makes 300, Bruce 509 ; in the survey chart it is set dovm at 900.
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