'Transactions of the Bombay Geographical Society, from September 1850 to June 1852. Edited by the Secretary. Volume X.' [‎238] (371/458)

K'OTSS'i:
and stretching more continuously, and with less signs of disturbance, from theii-r
base to the sea.
“ From the non-altered state of the laterite at its junction with the granite, and
the imbedded fragments of the latter rock, as well as of fragments of the trap
dykes, it may be inferred that both granite and the associated trap dykes were
elevated in a solid state. 1 have classed the laterite as more recent than the
Nirmul fresh-water cherts and limestones, on account of the latter rocks having
been invaded and altered by trappean intrusiou. ,,
THE SCHOOL OF INDUSTRY*
The School of Industry has been so repeatedly referred to that a passing notice
of the establishment may be pardoned. In 1846 it appeared by returns made to
Government that upwards of 200 boys, betwixt the ages of twelve and sixteen
years, were picked up annually by the police, for the most part on charges of
petty offences against property : and that those sentenced to punishment
were in general sent to Gaol or the House of Correction,, to herd with-
proficients in villainy, and return to the streets to resume depredations, hardened
and perfected in crime. The bulk of these were orphans or destitutes. They
had no one to advise th'em, look after them, or provide for them; and were
in the majority of cases believed to have betaken themselves to thieving, either
under the pressure of want, or at the instigation of more matured and
hardened culprits, who meant to share iu the spoils thus obtainable with
comparatively little danger, as the punishment of children, even if detected,
was not to be compared to what would have been inflicted on older rogues. A con
siderable body of gentlemen having subscribed for the establishment of a School
of Industry, for the reception of juvenile culprits, sentenced by the Magistrates of
Police, the Court of Directors The London-based directors of the East India Company who dealt with the daily conduct of the Company's affairs. were applied to, and at once conceded a Superin
tendent free of charge.. Arrangements for starting the project were made iu May
1850, and notwithstanding the interruption occasioned immediately afterwards by
the Monsoon, the whole was in operation by January 1851. There are at present
(May 1852) 56 boys on the list,—these live on the establishment, and are carefully
looked after, clothed, and fed.. They are taught reading, writing, and
arithmetic, by a native schoolmaster, and instructed by workmen employed
on purpose in any handicraft for which they feel disposed. The trades
taught are brick-making and pottery-work, drawing, weaving, carpentry
blacksmith-work, both forging and finishing ; brass-casting, and turning both
Wood and metal, plain weaving, on the native as well as the English fly-
shuttle loom, and coarse mat-making. They work from 9 A. M. till 5 p.M. daily
—including in this the two hours at school, and are nearly all making most
creditable progress. There being a demand in Bombay for the more common
kinds of wood-cut and metal engraving, lithography, and simple colouring, fivo
of the boys were selected for instruction iu this,—it is the first department of the
establishment that lias met its own charges, and is now yielding a small profit to tho
School. Availing myself of the very trifling expense at which illustrations could be
gotcoloured, (Rs. 1 a 100 on an average) I have indulged somewhat more freely m
them than I otherwise would have done, and have to bespeak the reader’s forbear
ance with the quality of the work, considering the source whence it is derived*
The youngsters now cheerful, well-behaved and happy, honestly earning their
bread in furnishing illustrations to a treatise on geology, were a few months since
the pests at once and victims of of society, living on plunder—their hand again 8
every man, and every man’s hand against them. At present they are only
beginning to learn; but I have deemed the illustrations procured through their
industry better than none at all; and it W'ould scarcely have been worth w ' 11 0
to have incurred the expense of providing them through the only other sources
at command,— that of regularly trained draftsmen.
0 $ W
1851, i
iorafc. F° r
late
jutlieKurrach
lull with short
generally state
Jiirty years-
2,-It may
pod (during
ktween Ghoi
fcerved, alth
Variably to c
M country
Ij turned off t
wind ble\
clrain,