File 301/1921 'MESOPOTAMIA: INTELLIGENCE REPORTS' [60r] (130/586)
The record is made up of 1 volume (289 folios). It was created in 15 Nov 1920-31 Oct 1921. It was written in English. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .
Transcription
This transcription is created automatically. It may contain errors.
and we are happy to say is making a rapid .recovery. Fahad Beg has
assured the High Commissioner’s office that the episode is of the best omen and
that British aeroplanes will henceforth be regarded in the Syrian desert as
friends and saviours.
NOTES ON INTERNAL AFFAIRS.
26. Basrah .—The death is reported from Koweit of Saiyid Rajab, Naqih
of Basrah. He leaves four sons, of whom Saiyid Talib is the eldest. It is not
improbable that Saiyid Rajab will be succeeded as Naqib by his nephew,
Saiyid Hashim, who is the wealthiest as ivell as the most respectable member
of the family, but the large estates of the late Naqib will be divided among
his children, according to the Shar‘ah canon, and Saiyid Talib, if he has not
forestalled his inheritance, should be a man of means. His brothers have
petitioned under these circumstances, for his return, or at least that he should
be allowed to visit Basrah to settle his affairs. Permission has not been
granted.
27. Baghdad Liwah. —Shaikh Balasim {see No. 15, para. 15 /) has been
allowed to return to Hai, on the guarantee of the Amir al RabFah.
28. Diyalah Liwah .—Shakir Beg, Qaimmaqam of Daltawah, has been
getting into bad odour with the ShPahs, who accuse him of using abusive
language to them and of making disparaging remarks about the Sh‘ah sect
They have made representations to the ‘ Ulama of Kadhimain and specially to
Saiyid Muhammad Sadr. Shakir Beg has a rough tongue and his abuse is not
confined to the ShPahs.
29. The tribes of the Liwah show a gradually awakening interest in Faisal.
In the towns he is criticised for having brought back with him Muhammad
Sadr, Yusuf Suwaidi and Sayid Nur, the leaders of the rebellion. Shaikh
Hamid of the Bani Tamim visited Faisal and returned from Baghdad a con
vert to him.
30. The unruly sections of the ‘ Azzah and their confederates, the Alba
‘ Alqah (‘ Ubaid), are again causing trouble. They raided the Baiyat who
attempted to counter but fell in with some of the Shammar Sayih and lifted
100 of their camels. The Albu ‘ Abqah, some of the 1 Azzah and a few Dilo
next raided a convoy of the Nida from Mandali and took 100 camels. A
counter raid on the part of the Nida was stopped by the Qaimmaqam. The
‘ Ubaid then raided the ‘ Azzah and took some camels. The underlying reason
for this tribal insubordination is the absence of sufficient force to back the
orders of the administration. Since the withdrawal of the Levies to Dulaim
in May the only mobile force at its disposal has been a body of 15 mounted
police. Possibly some pressure can be put on Habib al Khaizran of the
‘ Azzah who last year detached the Albu ‘ Alqah from the ‘ Hbaid and settled
them in his area. He is rumoured to have instigated the raids and known to
have accepted a share of the loot. He was told that he would be held respon
sible for the return of the stolen property within 10 days and on failing to
return it in the specified time he has been arrested.
31. Dulaim. —Lira £ ibn Dhahir {see No. 17, para. 30)' has asked per
mission to pass peaeefullv backwards and forwards between Baghdad and the
nomad sections of the Zoba ‘ in the Jazirah, who are-admittedly his followers.
This request has been granted.
32. The Adviser reports a little friction between the Levies and the
Police.' The Levies seem to be jealous of the executive duties performed by
the Police and wish to offer assistance which the Police do not desire. The
District Police have been doing good service in stopping petty thieving m the
own
33. Hillah.
Mah. In the matter of the fracas between the police and Levies .
■ported in No. 17, para. 28, prompt disciplinary action was taken by the
ispector-General of Levies and the High Commissioner, after careful con-
deration, judged that a Court of Inquiry world serve no useful purpose. He
ive it as his opinion that the urgent need m both Levies and Police was the
iprovement of discipline together with a proper understanding on both sides
the functions of the respective Corps, and this it showed be the aim of the
mmand to bring about.
34. Mosul. —Daham ibn Hadi of the Shammar {see No. 15, para 18) spent
ost of June in Mosul. ; Tlie following arrangements were made with him: (1)
e has been given the Sanniyah village of ‘ Awamat, on the Nisibm road, to
Itivate for a period of 5 years, on the understanding that if be cukiNmesii
■operly he will have the option of buying it at the end of that period u) No
lammar Jarba will be allowed to buy dates and provisions m Mosul or
sewhere within ‘Iraq unless they have a pass from Daham. (3) Daham is o
eeive a percentage of the receipts from the salt tax.
35 The road to Dair al Zor is not yet considered safe owing to the pre-
nce of the Amshat and Durrat sections of the Shammar at Abu Ham a.
About this item
- Content
This volume contains the Intelligence Reports of Sir Percy Cox, High Commissioner for Mesopotamia [also written as Iraq in this volume], based in Baghdad, covering the period 15 November 1920 to 15 September 1921. They largely relate to: the political situation in Mesopotamia and the surrounding region; the formation and proceedings of the provisional government; the events leading up to the creation of Mandatory Iraq [also known as the Kingdom of Iraq under British Administration] and the election and appointment of Faisal [Fayṣal bin Ḥusayn bin ‘Alī al-Hāshimī] as the first King of Iraq [Fayṣal I].
The Intelligence Reports are numbered and appear to have been issued at two-week intervals. This volume contains the reports numbered 1-3, 9-19 and 21. There is no explanation in the volume regarding the reason for the absent reports. The format of the reports is a mixture of printed and copy typescript. Each report is preceded by a covering circular issued by the office of the High Commissioner indicating the British Government departments and the officers and departments in the Middle East to which the report was copied.
Report Nos. 1-3 are preceded by an assessment of the political situation described in the Intelligence Report, written by Major R Marrs.
The reports generally comprise the following sections:
- A summary of the report (from report No. 14 onwards only)
- An account of the proceedings of the Council of Ministers
- Analysis of current public opinion and allegiances, (notably an analysis of public opinion on the Amir [Emir] Faisal and his arrival in Mesopotamia, including a reference to his 'personal magnetism', f 88), in report Nos 16-19
- Notes on provincial affairs
- Notes on the situation at the frontiers
- Extracts of 'Iraq Police Abstracts of Intelligence' (reports No. 9-14 only).
Other subjects notably covered in various reports include:
- Assyrian, Armenian and Urumiyan [Urmian] refugees (report Nos. 2 and 19)
- Perceived foreign influences in Iraq (report Nos. 2 and 3)
- The withdrawal of Saiyid [Sayyid] Talib Pasha An Ottoman title used after the names of certain provincial governors, high-ranking officials and military commanders. [Sayyid Ṭālib bin Rajab al-Naqīb] from the Government and Baghdad (report No. 12)
- Kurdistan (report Nos. 12-14)
- Turkish and Kurdish Frontiers (report No. 12)
- Dair al Zor [Deir ez-Zor] (report Nos. 1 and 12)
- Notes on 'Internal Affairs' (Nos. 18 and 19)
- Analysis of the referendum result which confirmed the election of Faisal as Iraq's first monarch (report No. 19)
- The formation of King Faisal's first cabinet (report No. 21).
Appendices are included with some reports, usually comprising copies of the High Commissioner's proclamations or communications 'to the people of Iraq' or documents relevant to the particular report (notably 'Provisional scheme for the re-organisation of the law courts' and 'Report of the committee constituted for studying the irrigation problem in Mesopotamia' in report No. 9).
Each report is concluded with a Supplement or Press Bureau Report, comprising extensive summaries and extracts of newspaper articles published in the local and 'foreign' (local region mainly) press. Notable publications cited are: Al 'Iraq , Al Fallah Arabic for ‘peasant’. It was used by British officials to refer to agricultural workers or to members of a social class employed primarily in agricultural labour. , Al Dijlah , and (Syrian publication) Lissan al 'Arab.
The volume includes a divider which gives the subject number, the year the subject file was opened, the subject heading, and a list of correspondence references by year. This is placed at the end of the correspondence (front of the volume).
- Extent and format
- 1 volume (289 folios)
- Arrangement
The reports are arranged mostly in numerical/chronological order from the rear to the front of the volume. Report No. 18 is followed by Report No. 21 and then Report No. 19 which is the last report in the volume.
- Physical characteristics
Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 284; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. side of each folio. The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers, nor does it include the two leading and two ending flyleaves. The sequence contains one foliation anomaly: f 267a.
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- English in Latin script View the complete information for this record
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- Reference
- IOR/L/PS/10/962
- Title
- File 301/1921 'MESOPOTAMIA: INTELLIGENCE REPORTS'
- Pages
- front, back, spine, edge, head, tail, front-i, i-r:ii-v, 1r:11r, 12v:13r, 20r:26v, 32v:34v, 35v:49v, 53v:57v, 59r:61r, 70v:74r, 75r:79r, 88r:94v, 99v:103v, 105r:112r, 113v:125v, 127v:128v, 129v:150v, 154v, 155v:171v, 178v:181v, 183v:190v, 192v:219v, 222v:246v, 249v:260r, 261r:264v, 265v, 267v, 267ar:267av, 268r:284v, iii-r:iv-v, back-i
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- East India Company, the Board of Control, the India Office, or other British Government Department
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