File 301/1921 'MESOPOTAMIA: INTELLIGENCE REPORTS' [264r] (538/586)
The record is made up of 1 volume (289 folios). It was created in 15 Nov 1920-31 Oct 1921. It was written in English. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .
Transcription
This transcription is created automatically. It may contain errors.
11
I
9
49. Extracts from Police reports: —
“General Nihad
Pasha
An Ottoman title used after the names of certain provincial governors, high-ranking officials and military commanders.
ordered ‘Ajaimi
Pasha
An Ottoman title used after the names of certain provincial governors, high-ranking officials and military commanders.
to select 12 officers to
form a deputation to Kurdistan to carry on anti-British propaganda. This
was done and the deputation set out under the leadership of Salih
al Zakhi of Sulaimaniyah. The intention was that members of the deputa
tion should visit Jazirah, Amadiyah, then Rawanduz, Sulaimaniyah and
Kirkuk.”
“ As a result Haji Sha‘ban Agha, among others, visited
Mardin in September and was given rifles and ammunition for destribution
to the Kurdish tribes. He was promised that he could have rifles and
ammunition whenever he required them.”
“ ‘Ajaimi Pasha’s pay at present is £T. 4,000 per month. This is m
paper. The Lira Note is at present worth Rs. 3.”
“Men enlisting in the “Chatta” army, whose special object is operations
and raids designed to harass the British, are paid £.T. 3 a month in gold,
while officers receive £.T. 15 in gold. These are the only Turkish troops
which receive their pay in gold.”
“ It is said that a number of Shaikhs intend to carry out raids in British
territory with the express purpose of weakening Daham’s authority. Daham
is said to be afraid of ‘Asi and, while maintaining an outward appearance
of loyalty to the British Government, to be secretly intriguing with the
hostile Shaikhs”
“A number of Indian Moslim soldiers who deserted on the Euphrates,
have been enrolled in the “Chatta” army and have undertaken to serve
against the British. Among them is one Jamadar ‘Abdul Muhsin.”
“When the Bolshevik forces entered Turkish territory from the Caucasus,
they removed the Turkish flag and hoisted their own. A number of Turkish
troops objected; but Mustafa Kamal
Pasha
An Ottoman title used after the names of certain provincial governors, high-ranking officials and military commanders.
sent word to say that the Turkish
flag was not his. He and
Anatolia
Peninsula that forms most of modern-day Turkey.
were Bolshevik. The Bolsheviks
announced from Erzinjah a donation of £.T. 8,000,000 to the Turkish
Nationalists and, besides, promised them ammunition.”
“ When Kban‘an Bey was relieved at Mardin by Major Isma‘il Haqqi
Bey, the former went to the Ajtmtab^rfah command. From there he invited a
number of ‘Iraqian Officers in Syria to join him. Kan‘an Bey is said to
have an army of 15,000 Turks.”
“Maulud
Pasha
An Ottoman title used after the names of certain provincial governors, high-ranking officials and military commanders.
, Jamil Bey, and l r asin
Pasha
An Ottoman title used after the names of certain provincial governors, high-ranking officials and military commanders.
have communicated with
Kan‘an Bey.” • . K
“Some German Officers have arrived in Mardin. where they are living
with Isma ‘il ITaqqi Bey. ”
“There is an Indian in Mardin described as a fat man who is said to
have come from Afghanistan and to be on his way to join Mustafa Kamal
Pasha
An Ottoman title used after the names of certain provincial governors, high-ranking officials and military commanders.
. In Mardin the Indian is called a Bimbashi and has declared himself
the representative of the Khalifate Society of India.”
“An Arabic newspaper called “Mirat al Gharb”, published in New York,
is being received in Mosul, and appears to bring the name of Muhammea
‘Ali, the Indian Nationalist, before the public.”
Agent reported that Yuzbashi Jamil Effendi had gone to Shaikh
‘Ajil ibn ‘Abdul ‘Aziz of Shammar with 500 horsemen.”
“It is reported that there are 30 Turkish Officers and 9,000 soldiers,
with Simko Agha of Shakak.”
“ Daham al Hadi is reported to have, visited Al ‘Asi, who told him that
the Arab Government was no government at all; but that the Turkish Govern
ment was powerful and in time would recover from its misfortunes.
“ ‘Abdul Rahman Agha, one of the Chiefs of the Shernakh, arrived m
Mosul on the 18th October and stayed at Bait al Sabuncln He is said to
have expressed his desire for independence. He is visited by Agha Petros,
who discussed the question of the repatriation of the Assyrians with him
Agha Petros said that they were anxious to return to their country, without
fighting between themselves and the Kurds.”
“ On the 19th October a special meeting was held at which Muhammed
Eadhil Effendi, Rais al Baladiyah, presided. Among those present were
Yasin Effendi Al ‘Uraibi, Sharif Effendi, Farnqi and about 15 others of
the .Tam'iyat Al Arab. An agent reports that Muhammed 1 adhil Eftendi
addressed the meeting and in the course of his remarks said that he had seen
the Amir ‘Abdullah in Constantinople and that the latter was suitable for
‘Iraq. Some of those present at the meeting said that they wanted Wahia
al Din.” ^
■vj-otf —The Kan‘an Bey referred to above was formerly a staff colonel in the Turkish
Army Tn Palestine. Is said to have been from the early days of the Nationalist movement
indentified with Mustafa Kamal.
About this item
- Content
This volume contains the Intelligence Reports of Sir Percy Cox, High Commissioner for Mesopotamia [also written as Iraq in this volume], based in Baghdad, covering the period 15 November 1920 to 15 September 1921. They largely relate to: the political situation in Mesopotamia and the surrounding region; the formation and proceedings of the provisional government; the events leading up to the creation of Mandatory Iraq [also known as the Kingdom of Iraq under British Administration] and the election and appointment of Faisal [Fayṣal bin Ḥusayn bin ‘Alī al-Hāshimī] as the first King of Iraq [Fayṣal I].
The Intelligence Reports are numbered and appear to have been issued at two-week intervals. This volume contains the reports numbered 1-3, 9-19 and 21. There is no explanation in the volume regarding the reason for the absent reports. The format of the reports is a mixture of printed and copy typescript. Each report is preceded by a covering circular issued by the office of the High Commissioner indicating the British Government departments and the officers and departments in the Middle East to which the report was copied.
Report Nos. 1-3 are preceded by an assessment of the political situation described in the Intelligence Report, written by Major R Marrs.
The reports generally comprise the following sections:
- A summary of the report (from report No. 14 onwards only)
- An account of the proceedings of the Council of Ministers
- Analysis of current public opinion and allegiances, (notably an analysis of public opinion on the Amir [Emir] Faisal and his arrival in Mesopotamia, including a reference to his 'personal magnetism', f 88), in report Nos 16-19
- Notes on provincial affairs
- Notes on the situation at the frontiers
- Extracts of 'Iraq Police Abstracts of Intelligence' (reports No. 9-14 only).
Other subjects notably covered in various reports include:
- Assyrian, Armenian and Urumiyan [Urmian] refugees (report Nos. 2 and 19)
- Perceived foreign influences in Iraq (report Nos. 2 and 3)
- The withdrawal of Saiyid [Sayyid] Talib Pasha An Ottoman title used after the names of certain provincial governors, high-ranking officials and military commanders. [Sayyid Ṭālib bin Rajab al-Naqīb] from the Government and Baghdad (report No. 12)
- Kurdistan (report Nos. 12-14)
- Turkish and Kurdish Frontiers (report No. 12)
- Dair al Zor [Deir ez-Zor] (report Nos. 1 and 12)
- Notes on 'Internal Affairs' (Nos. 18 and 19)
- Analysis of the referendum result which confirmed the election of Faisal as Iraq's first monarch (report No. 19)
- The formation of King Faisal's first cabinet (report No. 21).
Appendices are included with some reports, usually comprising copies of the High Commissioner's proclamations or communications 'to the people of Iraq' or documents relevant to the particular report (notably 'Provisional scheme for the re-organisation of the law courts' and 'Report of the committee constituted for studying the irrigation problem in Mesopotamia' in report No. 9).
Each report is concluded with a Supplement or Press Bureau Report, comprising extensive summaries and extracts of newspaper articles published in the local and 'foreign' (local region mainly) press. Notable publications cited are: Al 'Iraq , Al Fallah Arabic for ‘peasant’. It was used by British officials to refer to agricultural workers or to members of a social class employed primarily in agricultural labour. , Al Dijlah , and (Syrian publication) Lissan al 'Arab.
The volume includes a divider which gives the subject number, the year the subject file was opened, the subject heading, and a list of correspondence references by year. This is placed at the end of the correspondence (front of the volume).
- Extent and format
- 1 volume (289 folios)
- Arrangement
The reports are arranged mostly in numerical/chronological order from the rear to the front of the volume. Report No. 18 is followed by Report No. 21 and then Report No. 19 which is the last report in the volume.
- Physical characteristics
Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 284; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. side of each folio. The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers, nor does it include the two leading and two ending flyleaves. The sequence contains one foliation anomaly: f 267a.
- Written in
- English in Latin script View the complete information for this record
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- Reference
- IOR/L/PS/10/962
- Title
- File 301/1921 'MESOPOTAMIA: INTELLIGENCE REPORTS'
- Pages
- front, back, spine, edge, head, tail, front-i, i-r:ii-v, 1r:11r, 12v:13r, 20r:26v, 32v:34v, 35v:49v, 53v:57v, 59r:61r, 70v:74r, 75r:79r, 88r:94v, 99v:103v, 105r:112r, 113v:125v, 127v:128v, 129v:150v, 154v, 155v:171v, 178v:181v, 183v:190v, 192v:219v, 222v:246v, 249v:260r, 261r:264v, 265v, 267v, 267ar:267av, 268r:284v, iii-r:iv-v, back-i
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- East India Company, the Board of Control, the India Office, or other British Government Department
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- Open Government Licence
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