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'ABSTRACT OF LETTERS FROM INDIA 1870' [&lrm;255r] (516/798)

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'ABSTRACT OF LETTERS FROM INDIA 1870' [‎255r] (516/798)

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'ABSTRACT OF LETTERS FROM INDIA 1870'

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Ref: IOR/L/PS/20/CA10

The record is made up of 1 volume (395 folios). It was created in Dec 1869-Dec 1870. It was written in English. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .

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which were in substance and fact as much a case of conquest and
deposition as the conquest of the Punjab. The fact that the conquest
was effected peaceably, because the force of the Company was irre
sistible, no more prevented it from being a conquest than the fact
that the Danes offered no resistance to the occupation of Serampore
prevented that occupation from being a conquest; and the conquest,
however effected, put an end to all independence on the part of the
Nawab An honorific title; an official acting as a provincial deputy ruler in South Asia; or a significant Muslim landowner in nineteenth century India. , and therefore, according to one of the most familiar principles
of international law, to all treaties between him and his conquerors.
It appears clear to us that both parties looked at the matter in
this light. The Company, having in the first instance reduced the
Nawab An honorific title; an official acting as a provincial deputy ruler in South Asia; or a significant Muslim landowner in nineteenth century India. Nazim’s stipend during his minority, continued to pay the
reduced amount for the rest of his life, and long after his minority
ceased. The reason of this is obvious. He had ceased to be an
independent prince, and their payment had become a compassionate
allowance to a subject. The Nawab An honorific title; an official acting as a provincial deputy ruler in South Asia; or a significant Muslim landowner in nineteenth century India. Nazim on his part quietly
accepted his altered position. The present Nawab An honorific title; an official acting as a provincial deputy ruler in South Asia; or a significant Muslim landowner in nineteenth century India. Nazim’s father,
his grandfather, his grand-uncle, and his great grandfather received
the reduced payment for a period of 45 years apparently without
complaint, and he himself acquiesced in the arrangement for a
period of ten years after he attained his majority. We cannot
imagine that several successive generations of Nawabs, who were
in constant relations with the Government of India, and whose
money affairs were, on several occasions, the subject of dis
cussion and arrangement, should have silently submitted to a real
grievance.
With respect to the various documents quoted by the Nawab An honorific title; an official acting as a provincial deputy ruler in South Asia; or a significant Muslim landowner in nineteenth century India.
Nazim as containing admissions that his ancestors were independent
princes, we must observe that most of them are merely expressions
of opinion, based on imperfect acquaintance with the facts, which
could not by any possibility have the effect of changing the status
of the Nawab An honorific title; an official acting as a provincial deputy ruler in South Asia; or a significant Muslim landowner in nineteenth century India. Nazim from that of a subject to that of an independent
or feudatory prince. The very fact that it was necessary to pass Acts
of the Legislature to secure to the Nawab An honorific title; an official acting as a provincial deputy ruler in South Asia; or a significant Muslim landowner in nineteenth century India. Nazim certain privileges
which the Executive Government desired that he should enjoy, is
conclusive evidence of his position as a subject, a view which was, in
our opinion, correctly taken by the Supreme Court in 1834. But
even if we were to give to these documents all the force which the
Nawab An honorific title; an official acting as a provincial deputy ruler in South Asia; or a significant Muslim landowner in nineteenth century India. Nazim would wish to attach to them, we would point out the
inference, which he entirely overlooks, that the higher he raises their
position the more weight does he attach to the acquiescence of himself
and his ancestors in the arrangement under which they lived.
But, in truth, it appears to us useless to discuss now the morality
or policy of these proceedings. They were in substance a conquest
of Bengal by the Company, in trust for the Crown of England, and
according to common sense and legal analogy, they must, in our
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Confidential printed abstracts of letters received by the India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. from the Government of India, and from senior officials in certain areas outside India, during the year 1870. The letters are dated December 1869-December 1870. The abstracts each have one of the following titles:

Abstracts of Secret Letters received from India
Abstracts of Letters received from India
Abstracts of Military Letters received from India
Abstracts of Letters received from Zanzibar and Muscat
Abstracts of Letters received from Aden
Abstracts of Letters received from Muscat
Abstracts of Letters received from Bushire [Bushehr]
Abstracts of Letters received from Aden and Zanzibar
Abstracts of Letters received from Bushire and Aden
Abstracts of Letters received from Zanzibar and Aden.

Each abstract contains summaries of one or more letters from the specified source, each with a title giving the subject of the letter. Letters from India are divided within each abstract by the branch or department of the Government of India they originated from. The correspondence covers issues including:

Pay, pensions, recruitment, and other personnel issues in the Indian Civil and Military establishments
Public works, including: railways, including a proposed railway from the Mediterranean to the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. ; roads; canals; irrigation; docks; and river embankments
Revenue, expenditure, and taxation
Land issues, including: the cultivation of cotton, cinchona, and silk; forestry; and coal mining
Education
Banking
Telegraphy, including international telegraphic links to India
Affairs concerning Princely States, including internal administration, debts, allowances, issues of succession, investment in railways, and territorial claims
Issues around emigration from India to British and French colonies
Legislative and judicial affairs, including the question of jurisdiction over British subjects in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran.
Military affairs, including the organisation and supply of military units and a proposed naval force for the Indian seas and the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran.
Frontier affairs: relations with tribes on the Northwest and Northeast Frontiers and frontier raids
Affairs in Persia [Iran], including: Persian claims to sovereignty over Bahrein [Bahrain] and objection to British actions in Bahrein; frontier disputes around Khelat [Kalat], Mekran [Makran], and Seistan [Sistan] and proposed arbitration of the Persian-Afghan border; anticipated food shortages and subsequent disturbances involving British subjects exporting grain from Bushire
Affairs in the Sultanate of Muscat and Oman, including: the consolidation of and challenges to the rule of Syud Azan [Azzān bin Qays Āl Bū Sa‘īd]; debates around British policy towards Syud Azan; confrontation between Muscat and the Wahabees [Waḥabī movement]; the issue of the Zanzibar subsidy; and Syud Azan’s claims to Bunder Abbas [Bandar-e ‘Abbas], Gwadur [Gwadar], Charbar [Chabahar] and other territories on the Mekran Coast
Affairs in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. , including: the campaign of Colonel Lewis Pelly in Bahrein and the installation of Esau bin Ali [‘Īsá bin ‘Alī Āl Khalīfah] as Ruler; trade and shipping in the Gulf; the desire of the Shah of Persia for a naval presence in the Gulf; Dutch and Turkish [Ottoman] activity in the region; and tensions between Bahrein and the Wahabees, including Wahabee inroads in the Guttur peninsula [Qatar]
Affairs in Affghanistan [Afghanistan], including relations with Bokhara [Emirate of Bukhara] and Russia
Central Asian affairs, including the Russian advance in the region, trade and communication from India to Central Asia via Cashmere [Kashmir] and Ladak [Ladakh], and affairs in Eastern Turkestan [Xinjiang]
Affairs in Zanzibar, including the slave trade, relations with Muscat, the death of Syud Majid [Mājid bin Sa‘īd Āl Bū Sa‘īd], and the accession to the throne of Syud Burgash [Barghash bin Sa‘īd Āl Bū Sa‘īd]
Affairs in and around Aden Settlement, including: relations with neighbouring polities, including Lahej [Laḥij Sultanate], Houshebi [Ḥawshabī Sultanate], Fodtheli [Faḍlī Sultanate], and Kathiree [Kathīrī Sultanate]; the purchase of Little Aden; the defences of Aden; an attack on Hodeida [Al Hudaydah] from Aseer [‘Asir] and the threat to Lahej from the Zaidees [Zaidīs]
Affairs in the Red Sea, including attempted French, Austrian, Turkish, and Egyptian inroads in the region
Affairs in Burmah [Burma/Myanmar], Bhootan [Bhutan], and Nipal [Nepal].

The primary correspondents are:

Extent and format

1 volume (395 folios)

Arrangement

The abstracts are arranged in roughly chronological order. A detailed index of subjects, places and people mentioned in the correspondence is included on folios 384-393.

Physical characteristics

Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 395; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. side of each folio. The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers.

Pagination: the file also contains an original printed pagination sequence.

Written in

English in Latin script

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Reference: IOR/L/PS/20/CA10
Title: 'ABSTRACT OF LETTERS FROM INDIA 1870'
Pages: front, back, spine, edge, head, tail, front-i, 1r:116v, 119r:395v, back-i
Author: East India Company, the Board of Control, the India Office, or other British Government Department
Usage terms: Open Government Licence