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File 4722/1918 Pt 8 'Mesopotamia: Situation' [58r] (124/995)
The record is made up of 1 volume (491 folios). It was created in 28 Jun 1920-11 Feb 1921. It was written in English. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .
Transcription
This transcription is created automatically. It may contain errors.
#
I.M.1835.
G.H.Q.(I).
Mosul 9
,6th October, 1920*
Rushdi Effendi of Amadia, a member of the family of
the Mufti, who was mixed up in the murders and disturbances
i>n Amadia in the summer of 1919, has come into theA.P.O.
Dohuk for dakhala and makes the following statement.
Past History . He himself had nothing to do with the murders of
the A.P.O. and Gendarme Officer, but he and his men were
present at the Bebadi and Mazurka Gorge fights. He has
been staying in Shernakh for some time past.
Present situation . He left Shernakh about 25th September. He thinks
that the late Qaimaqam of Jezireh-ibn-Omar was discharged
because Akif Bey reported after his visit to Jezireh-ion-
Omar that Sultan Bey was unable to produce anything like
the number of lilice troops that he was budgetting for on
paper •
The Divisional Commander distributed large numoers
of rifles e.g. 100 to Hajji Shaban Agha and Co. 100 or
more to the Arabs (probably Balaibel and Abdur Raham of
Tel Afar), but these were all Russian rifles for which
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ammunition is scarce.
(Note mention of Russian ammunition in my I.M./1828 of
25.10)*
Rushdi Sffendi thinks that the Turks at present
J would like to give as much trouble to the British as they
| C an, but they are not able to do so openly, nor can they
I provide Military support to the tribes. They are coilect-
| ing small taxes by persuasive rather than forceful means.
The Kurds round Shernakh are violently opposed ^o
Mustapha Kemal and only recognise the Khalifa of Stamoul.
Rushdi denies that they want a Bddr Khan, with whose family
they have a violent feud, and when the Bedr Khan
reoresentative visited them last summer, they made a
Madhbata to the Turks protesting against the suggestion of
the appointment of a Beder Khan to be their Governor.
The present feeling of the Goyan is that they want
peace and quiet: they have no intention of coming against
About this item
- Content
The volume consists of correspondence, memoranda, drafts, and departmental notes relating to rebellion against British mandatory rule in Mesopotamia [approximately corresponding to present-day Iraq], later known as the Iraqi Revolt of 1920.
The volume covers the period from the start of unrest in May 1920 to British imposition of control in October of the same year. The majority of the volume comprises reports from political officers across Mesopotamia on the situation in their respective divisions and districts.
Other matters discussed within the volume include:
- The suspected causes of the uprising, including fears of ‘Bolshevik’ and pro-Turkish influence
- Settlement of the border between Syria and Mesopotamia
- Military strategy and operations, including the need for reinforcements
- The severing of British lines of communication, particularly rail
- The efficacy and principles of the use of armoured cars and air raids as means of control following numerous cases of misidentification and disproportionate force that resulted in the deaths and injuries of innocent people
- Political and civil policy in the region
- Identification and arrest of some of the leaders of the rebellion
- The prominence of events in Mesopotamia in the British press
- The question of disarming the tribes following the suppression of the rebellion.
Principal correspondents include officials at: the India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. ; the Office of the Civil Commissioner in Mesopotamia (from November 1920, the High Commissioner); the War Office; General Headquarters of the military in Mesopotamia; and the Government of India, Foreign and Political and Army departments.
The volume contains cuttings from several publications, including: The Times , The Statesman , The Observer , The Daily Herald , The Daily Mail , The Baghdad Times , and The Near East .
The volume includes a divider which gives the subject number, the year the subject file was opened, the subject heading, and a list of correspondence references by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence. A second divider is included, for File 4722/1918 Part 7, entitled ‘Mesopotamia: Sir A. Wilson’s invitation to Syrian Baghdadis’. This was transferred to File 5268/20 Parts 1 and 2 (see IOR/L/PS/10/913).
- Extent and format
- 1 volume (491 folios)
- Arrangement
The volume is arranged in approximate chronological order, from the rear to the front.
The subject 4722 (Mesopotamia) consists of ten volumes, IOR/L/PS/10/755-764. The volumes are divided into twelve parts, with parts 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 11 and 12 comprising one volume each. Part 10 is missing. Part 7, entitled ‘Mesopotamia: Sir A. Wilson’s invitation to Syrian Baghdadis’, was transferred to File 5268/20 Parts 1 and 2 (see IOR/L/PS/10/913).
- Physical characteristics
Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 489; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. side of each folio. Multiple intermittent additional foliation sequences are also present. The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers, nor does it include the leading and ending flyleaves. The sequence contains one foliation anomaly, f 89a.
- Written in
- English in Latin script View the complete information for this record
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File 4722/1918 Pt 8 'Mesopotamia: Situation' [58r] (124/995), British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/L/PS/10/761, in Qatar Digital Library <https://www.qdl.qa/archive/81055/vdc_100137804985.0x00007d> [accessed 7 June 2026]
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Copyright: How to use this content
- Reference
- IOR/L/PS/10/761
- Title
- File 4722/1918 Pt 8 'Mesopotamia: Situation'
- Pages
- front, back, spine, edge, head, tail, front-i, i-r:i-v, 1r:89v, 89ar:89av, 90r:113r, 114v, 118v:120r, 121v, 127v:169v, 173r:192v, 194r:211v, 213r:223v, 225r:227r, 229r:261v, 262v:263v, 266r:279v, 280ar, 280r:293v, 294v, 295v:317v, 318ar, 318r:333v, 334v:341v, 342v:359v, 360v:400v, 404r:424v, 425ar, 425r:489v, ii-r:ii-v, back-i
- Author
- East India Company, the Board of Control, the India Office, or other British Government Department
- Usage terms
- Open Government Licence