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File 4722/1918 Pt 8 'Mesopotamia: Situation' [82r] (172/995)
The record is made up of 1 volume (491 folios). It was created in 28 Jun 1920-11 Feb 1921. It was written in English. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .
Transcription
This transcription is created automatically. It may contain errors.
and back two or tlireo tlinos in a day *
Bawar Asha, Chief of the Piran (Habitat, N.¥. of the
pari a plain, Bowai* Asha is a sectional cnief)a pori oacal
detenu in Arhil was the cause oi the greatest eiuDdrss&i.'AOi*.t ^o
His security was Hajji Pir Daud ( a sectional chief of
Pizai) whom I did not trust,and therefore when the trouble
first started I confined him (Sawar Asha) and wnen it o-ppecned
likely that we might have to evacuate I sent him to Mosul* His
wife then came and kissed Khurshid Agha's feet, and Khurshid
Agha was compelled to intercede for Mm. ^his he did with Ms
characteristic insistanc©,and eventually it cam© to this that
I was compelled either to bring back Sawar Agha or leave Arbil«
On the 6th I agreed that Sawar Agha should be allowed to
reside in Khurshid Asha’s house at Makhmur ( 20 ^S.P.of
Arbil) while Khurshid Agha became security for him and promised
to keep him there whether Arbil was evacuated or not. On my
giving way the Dizaih Chiefs present including KhursMd Agha
and his principal relations together with Busul ngna, and Sulain
' an Agha swore a solemn oath on the divorce in the presence of
Ahmed Bffendi the Bais Baladiyah tha^ they would protect Arbil
and myself for ton days against all comers. At the ond of the
ter^Lays if troops had not arrived and the situation was still
threatening they would escort me to safety#
Sulaiman Agha is the next most important man to Hajji
Pir Baud, in the third section of the Dizaih* TT e is a much
better man than Ms chief and. played up ^very well in this
crisis.
On the 8th the Acting Civil Commissioner,Lt, col. Sir.
A.T.Wilson, KCIXB ) CSI,Ci.fi.,DSO., arrived with three aeroplanes
and talked to the Dizaih Chiefs and the ashraf. I pointed out
that we should have to go if troops did not arrive in a week, «
and he promised to do his best to get troops sent up here. His
visit had an excellent effect. Previous to the Civil Comissioi
ers arrival Ahmed
Pasha
An Ottoman title used after the names of certain provincial governors, high-ranking officials and military commanders.
(N.T.) Hajji Pir Daud and Jamil Agha
(of the Giro!) had come into Arhil at the invitation of Mulla
About this item
- Content
The volume consists of correspondence, memoranda, drafts, and departmental notes relating to rebellion against British mandatory rule in Mesopotamia [approximately corresponding to present-day Iraq], later known as the Iraqi Revolt of 1920.
The volume covers the period from the start of unrest in May 1920 to British imposition of control in October of the same year. The majority of the volume comprises reports from political officers across Mesopotamia on the situation in their respective divisions and districts.
Other matters discussed within the volume include:
- The suspected causes of the uprising, including fears of ‘Bolshevik’ and pro-Turkish influence
- Settlement of the border between Syria and Mesopotamia
- Military strategy and operations, including the need for reinforcements
- The severing of British lines of communication, particularly rail
- The efficacy and principles of the use of armoured cars and air raids as means of control following numerous cases of misidentification and disproportionate force that resulted in the deaths and injuries of innocent people
- Political and civil policy in the region
- Identification and arrest of some of the leaders of the rebellion
- The prominence of events in Mesopotamia in the British press
- The question of disarming the tribes following the suppression of the rebellion.
Principal correspondents include officials at: the India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. ; the Office of the Civil Commissioner in Mesopotamia (from November 1920, the High Commissioner); the War Office; General Headquarters of the military in Mesopotamia; and the Government of India, Foreign and Political and Army departments.
The volume contains cuttings from several publications, including: The Times , The Statesman , The Observer , The Daily Herald , The Daily Mail , The Baghdad Times , and The Near East .
The volume includes a divider which gives the subject number, the year the subject file was opened, the subject heading, and a list of correspondence references by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence. A second divider is included, for File 4722/1918 Part 7, entitled ‘Mesopotamia: Sir A. Wilson’s invitation to Syrian Baghdadis’. This was transferred to File 5268/20 Parts 1 and 2 (see IOR/L/PS/10/913).
- Extent and format
- 1 volume (491 folios)
- Arrangement
The volume is arranged in approximate chronological order, from the rear to the front.
The subject 4722 (Mesopotamia) consists of ten volumes, IOR/L/PS/10/755-764. The volumes are divided into twelve parts, with parts 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 11 and 12 comprising one volume each. Part 10 is missing. Part 7, entitled ‘Mesopotamia: Sir A. Wilson’s invitation to Syrian Baghdadis’, was transferred to File 5268/20 Parts 1 and 2 (see IOR/L/PS/10/913).
- Physical characteristics
Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 489; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. side of each folio. Multiple intermittent additional foliation sequences are also present. The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers, nor does it include the leading and ending flyleaves. The sequence contains one foliation anomaly, f 89a.
- Written in
- English in Latin script View the complete information for this record
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File 4722/1918 Pt 8 'Mesopotamia: Situation' [82r] (172/995), British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/L/PS/10/761, in Qatar Digital Library <https://www.qdl.qa/archive/81055/vdc_100137804985.0x0000ad> [accessed 11 June 2026]
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Copyright: How to use this content
- Reference
- IOR/L/PS/10/761
- Title
- File 4722/1918 Pt 8 'Mesopotamia: Situation'
- Pages
- front, back, spine, edge, head, tail, front-i, i-r:i-v, 1r:89v, 89ar:89av, 90r:113r, 114v, 118v:120r, 121v, 127v:169v, 173r:192v, 194r:211v, 213r:223v, 225r:227r, 229r:261v, 262v:263v, 266r:279v, 280ar, 280r:293v, 294v, 295v:317v, 318ar, 318r:333v, 334v:341v, 342v:359v, 360v:400v, 404r:424v, 425ar, 425r:489v, ii-r:ii-v, back-i
- Author
- East India Company, the Board of Control, the India Office, or other British Government Department
- Usage terms
- Open Government Licence