‘REPORT ON THE ADMINISTRATION OF THE BOMBAY PRESIDENCY, FOR THE YEAR 1919-20’ [‎236v] (20/192)

Xii BOMBAY ADMINISTRATION REPORT. rnQ1ft
[ iy 19 - 1920 .
regularly graded Presidency The name given to each of the three divisions of the territory of the East India Company, and later the British Raj, on the Indian subcontinent. Nursing Service, are under the conqi^nv r
Government. 81 ^ratio n 0 f
(Z) Several important schemes were under consideration during th
such as the School of Tropical Medicine, Bombay, the Hygiene Laborato
Pasteur Institute, Bombay, the Pharmacological Laboratory, Bomba^f^
Medical College, Poona, and a Medical School at Dharwar or Belgaum ^
15. Education.— (a) The very remarkable recovery after the war is it
most noticeable point in the Educational year under report. During it
war expenditure was restricted as far as possible, the number of sch i
remained practically constant and that of pupils actually decreased. Since Tt
war and particularly during 1919-20 the rate of progress has been slight!
greater than in the years immediately preceding the war, during wh' l
education received a marked impetus by the award of large grants bo
Imperial revenues. During the year the number of schools and numb
attending them largely increased and the expenditure was more than double
what it was ten years ago. It has now risen to Bs. 235 lakhs One lakh is equal to one hundred thousand rupees as agaimi
Bs. 195 lakhs One lakh is equal to one hundred thousand rupees in 1918-19 and 164 in 1917-18, while the percentage of boys of
school-going age attending schools was about 46*5 and of girls 12'6. Of the
total expenditure Government contribute 54 per cent., district local boards 4 -per
cent., municipalities 11 per cent., while fees amount to 16 per cent, or roughly
about one-sixth. The growth of the expenditure from provincial revenues
from Bs. 49 lakhs One lakh is equal to one hundred thousand rupees in 1909-10 to Bs. 126 lakhs One lakh is equal to one hundred thousand rupees in 1919-20 indicates that the
Government expenditure on education is increasing at a considerably more
rapid rate than that from other sources. Municipalities contribute 4'5 per
cent, more now than they did ten years ago, and local boards 5*3 less. Other
interesting features in the year’s progress were the recovery of the Eoyal
Institute of Science from the military medical authorities, the acquisition
of a new site and building for the Karnatak Arts College at Dharwar,
the opening of 7 more secondary schools, and an increase of Es. 6
lakhs One lakh is equal to one hundred thousand rupees in expenditure on secondary schools. Beforms were made in the
Vernacular Training Curricula and 9 more Government District Training
Schools were opened. There was an increase of 860 teachers and of Es. 1|
lakh One lakh is equal to one hundred thousand rupees in expenditure on training teachers. The Bombay Inspectorate opened after
the close of the year is in working order and in consequence the work devolving
upon the other Divisions is lightened to a certain extent. Nearly Rs. 19,000
in excess of last year’s expenditure were devoted to scholarships in primary
schools. Thirty-four more night-schools were started, syllabuses in nature
study and school gardening were issued, and 20 English classes were attached
to primary schools. In the expenditure on European schools there was an
increase of about Bs. 75,000, but the number of pupils attending schools
decreased by 110, due partly to the fact that Europeans can now take their
children to England for their schooling. The results of the teaching do not
seem to have been quite up to expectation, and this may possibly be accounted
for by the internment of Jesuits and nuns by whom a large part of European
education was conducted. A regular office was organized to deal with
visual instruction. Nearly 100 magic lanterns and over 3,000 slides were in
regular use. While public educational institutions increased very largely,
private institutions decreased by 250. While Brahmans, Prabhus, etc., form
only 7 per cent, of the population, and Marathas, Kunbis, etc., 64 per cent.,
practically 100 per cent, of children of school-going age among former attend
schools and only 36 per cent, of the latter. From this it appears that the
peasant classes are apathetic in the matter and the leaders of the peasant
community do not exercise pressure upon the parents, or else that the educa
tional pabulum offered them has not an attractive enough flavour. However,
various associations are springing up among them and a brighter future is
assured. A new scale was sanctioned for members of the Indian Educationa
Service, and there were five promotions from the Provincial Educationa
Service to the Indian Educational Service. Municipalities have made primary
education free and four municipalities were permitted to make primary educa
tion both compulsory and free.
(b) There are now 20 colleges affiliated to the University of Bombay an
increase of one. The Karnatak College at Dharwar and the Surat College a