Publications, Newspaper Cuttings, Photographs and Correspondence about Persia and the Persian Gulf [‎354r] (712/879)

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ago.
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rendered it impossible of realisation. The
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influences. Her energy, however, is not always
uniform. Her efforts at times may appear
non-existent owing to the low pressure exer
cised, whilst at other times they are in
action with explosive force. Russia really
works on a secret programme framed on a
basis of unlimited ambition. Her executive
never swerves from that programme; but
though persistent it acts with „oti. 1:1:
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ou EU DENTS of Arabic will be ISTEEBSEEDTS
’sthe announcement that Messrs. W. H. Allen
oind Co. have in preparation a student's edition
| iv the Arabic text of " The Assemblies of
Hariri," with English notes of a grammatical,
ritical, and historical character. The author
hat the new work is Dr. F. Steinglass, who a few
syears ago published a very useful Arabic Eng-
wish dictionary. The two existing translations
oof the Assemblies, one’by Preston and the other
ovy Chenery (afterwards editor of the Times),
onre incomplete, and there is therefore a distinct
dopening for Dr. Steinglass' labours, which have
theceived the patronage of the Secretary of
dertimodd. m.iur .0 ,
appoint recognised Consular officials broadeast "
over the country. There was nothing to pre
vent it. British remonstrance would have been *
useless and indeed unwarranted. Russia has at
Astrakan on the Volga, at Baku and Tiflis a very
considerable population of Persians : Russian
subjects, yet having relations and property in
Persia. Besides this at Tiflis and Baku certain
classes of workmen, notably bricklayers, are
almost entirely Persians, true subjects of the
Shah, who come and go, attracted by the
high wages they obtain. The Shah has
Consular representatives at Tiflis and Baku,
«o he could hardly refuse to receive repre
sentatives of the Czar’s Government at such
I.— 11 a — — —J
—DENTS OF ARABIC WILL BE INT SPESTED IS
he announcement that Messrs. W. H. Allen
nd Co. have in preparation a student’s edition
if the Arabic text of “ The Assemblies of
ariri," with English notes of a grammatical,
ritical, and historical character. The author
if the new work is Dr. F. Steinglass, who a few
rears ago published a very useful Arabic Eng-
ish dictionary. The two existing translations
if the Assemblies, one'by Preston and the other
)y Chenery (afterwards editor of the Times),
ire incomplete, and there is therefore a distinct
opening for Dr. Steinglass' labours, which have
eceived the patronage of the Secretary of
-a- T.Hi.
cal joumnar...
scheme—which it 1
just now for the benefit—- । -
it adopts Mr. Schlich’s estimate that there
some 6,000,000 acres of waste land at home,
which could and should be laid out as forests.
These forests would, say, forty years hence,
permanently employ some 100,000 workers,
leaving out of present consideration the large
outlay for labour which would be involved in
their creation. Of course, our contemporary
may be wrong in supposing that the out-o’-works
who now crowd the metropolis would be the
right sort of individuals to employ in a great
Experiment of this kind : but the suggestion that
the Home Government should take a leaf out of
hebool of the Indian Government and engage
n a spirited policy of afforestation, may be
worth attention, at a time when large quan-
ities. of timber are imported from abroad to
neet the home demand and British sources
of supply are undergoing visible contraction.
—
No LITTLE CONFUSION APPEARS TO EXIST IN
he minds of officers who have to administer
the new army regulations in regard to the for-
eiture and recovery of good conduct badges by
soldiers. We are bound to say that this is to a
great excent, if not altogether, due to the ambi
guous language in which these regulations—
like most military legislation—are expressed.
Divested of technicality the new rules-
appear to have the effect, that while certain
penalties in the way 'of imprisonment and
deprivation of ordinary pay of themselves in
volve the forfeiture of one good conduct badge,
t is left to the award of the Commanding
Officer to deprive a soldier of all, or any of his
good conduct badges, for the commission of any
offence, and without-regard to the infliction of
in accompanying punishment. Thus if a Com
manding Officer awards two days’ cells or two
days’ deprivation of pay, one good conduct
badge is forfeited inevitably, and a second
and a third may be forfeited by specific award
of the sane authority and for the same offence.
In former days every offence entailing an
entry in the regimental defaulters’ book,
j. c., resulting in a punishment exceeding
"days’ confinement to barracks, caused the for
feiture of one badge ; whereas now it follows only
an award of deprivation of pay or imprisonment.
It seems an enormous power to give a Comman
ding Officer to sentence a man for what may be
in effect the loss of a pension for life, and all
the more so because the man has no appeal. A
soldier sentenced to one day’s deprivation of
ordinary pay, or one day of imprisonment, has
legally the right to be tried by Court-Martial,
instead of submitting to the award ; but if he
is sentenced to the loss of good conduct badges,
involving perhaps a life annuity of from one
penny to fourpence a day, he must submit. In
the last batch of General Orders it is stated that
is the Army Act does not recognise these for-
eitures as punishments, they cannot be enterep
n the regimental defaulters’ book. Therefore
he Commanding Officer is enjoined to accompany
nis award by a sentence of not less than 8 days’
confinement to barracks. But he is not obliged
o enforce it, and it is intended to be used only
is a matter of form, so as to render the forfei-
ure a “ punishment " for legal purposes. There
s one redeeming feature in these new regula-
ions whereby a term of six months' good con-
uct, is sufficient to regain a forfeiture badge,
istead of a year as formerly.
THEPAPERS COMING TO HAND BY THE LAST
tail throw a good deal of interesting light on
he personality of our latest ally, the highly
nlightened and admirable Chief, Khama, of
he Bamangwatos. Khama is the hero of
lechuanaland who’ joined his forces with the
olumn of Bechuanaland police, under the com-
land of Major Goold-Adams. If Khama
ould go straight home to London as soon as
obengula is comfortably wiped out, and the
Britisracme.
African chief, not merely a onrisuan, but the re
presentative of a type not often discoverable of
modern years in the Christian communities of
Europe—a man who acts up in public life to the
highest dictates of the religious system he not
only professes, but apparently comprehends.
Khama has been scandalously treated by our
authorities in Bechuanaland so far, but at
an all-important crisis of our affairs in that
country he has returned good for evil on a •
large scale and in a cheerful spirit, and merely
explains the ill-treatment to which he has
been subject in response to the spirit of histori
cal research which animates the modern news
paper correspondent. . Khama is now about sixty
years of age, but was brought up from childhood
by some of the African missionaries, who have
not often turned out so creditable a pupil. As
a young man he got into trouble with his father,
the former Chief of the Bamangwatos, by his
firm refusal to take a second wife, and his
avowed sympathy with the ideas of the white
men. Later on he was involved in party con
flicts, and confronted by rival claims to the
chieftainship. The old Toryism of Bamangwato
no doubt leaned in the direction of plural house
holds and black principles of government; but
Khama, like the Count de Chambord, was
faithful to the white flag. He went into exile
on its behalf, and then, unlike the Count de
Chambord, was recalled by a large majority,
who had come over finally to the principles
he represented. This happened in 1875, since
when the tribe over which he rules has
progressed in internal peace, and advanced
morally in a very remarkable manner. Trial
by jury has replaced the practices of witch-
craft ; European clothing has come into com
mon use amongst the people, and, while a
conspicuous example of attachment to the re-
formed faith, Khama is modernised sufficient
ly to have kept up the principles of toler
ation, in the maintenance of which he has had
the satisfaction of soundly saving a greater
number of his subjects, no doubt, than he
would have been able to win over in any other
way. He has also saved them, as far as that
• has been possible, from the great curse so apt
to invade African communities hand in hand
with European civilisation. “ I fear strong
drink/' he wrote on one occasion to the British
Commissioner, “ more than 1 fear the assegais
of the Matabele and Khama, in the regulation
of his liquor traffic, went very far in advance
of the doctrine of Local Option. During the
advance of the Chartered Company’s pioneer
force in Mashonaland, Khama rendered the
most valuable assistance, and Mr. Selous bears
cordial testimony to this in his recently pub
lished book. But in spite of all this the
Bechuanaland authorities, through some stupid
blundering which has not yet been explained,
insulted Khama very badly only last year. As
far back as 1885 he offered his country to Sir
Charles Warren, to the protection, that is to
say, of the British Government, but the offer
was not accepted, and Khama heard no more
about the matter until suddenly last year, with
out any warning, a British Commissioner, Mr.
J. S. Moffat, arrived at his capital, Palapye,
with authority from the Bechuanaland Govern
ment, to levy taxes, hold courts of justice, and
perform other acts of government. “ This was
not fair or open-handed,” as Khama mildly des
cribes the transaction ; “ it puts me in the wrong
with my tribe, who say, how, then, is Khama no
longer Chief in his own country ?” Now that so
much light has been thrown upon it the wrong
will no doubt be in some way redressed, but it
is even more probable that we shall never get
to the bottom of the particular stupidity out of
which the outrage arose,